榛子破壳力学特性分析与试验研究

Analysis and Experimental Study on Mechanical Characteristics of Hazelnut Shell Breaking

为了解决榛子破壳效率低的问题,针对榛子破壳所需的各项参数设计了一组正交试验。以榛子尺寸、加载速度、加载方向为试验因素进行三因素三水平试验,试验指标为整仁率与破壳力。结果表明:对榛子破壳力影响最显著的因素是榛子尺寸,其次为加载方向且沿宽度向加载时所需力最小,加载速度对于破壳力的影响较小。榛子高度向、宽度向、厚度向的平均破壳力分别为1867.2、1818.6、2326.7N,对榛子破壳整仁率影响最显著的因素是加载方向,其次为加载速度。对榛子3个加载方向使用有限元方法进行分析,得出宽度向为较佳的加载方向,与正交试验的结果一致。在对榛子破壳相关机械进行设计时,施加在榛子上的力应不小于2400N,并尽量使榛子沿宽度向受力。研究结果可为后期榛子破壳相关机械的结构设计提供理论依据。

In order to solve the problem of low efficiency of hazelnut shelling,a set of orthogonal tests was designed for each parameter required for hazelnut shelling,and the hazelnut size,loading speed and loading direction were taken as the test factors for the three-factor three-level test,and the indexes of the test were the whole kernel rate and shelling force.The most significant factor for the hazelnut shell breaking force was the hazelnut size,followed by the loading direction,and the minimum force was required when loading along the width direction,and the loading speed had less influence on the shell breaking force.The average shelling forces in the height direction,width direction and thickness direction of hazelnuts were 1867.2,1818.6 and 2326.7 N,respectively.The most significant factor affecting the shelling rate of hazelnuts was the loading direction,followed by the loading speed.The three loading directions of hazelnut were analyzed using the finite element method,and the width direction was found to be the better loading direction,which was consistent with the results of the orthogonal test.In the design of hazelnut shelling-related machinery,the force applied to the hazelnut should be not less than 2400 N and the hazelnut should be loaded along the width direction as much as possible.It provides a theoretical basis for the structural design of the hazelnut shell-breaking-related machinery at a later stage.