甘薯茎叶收获仿垄型割台的设计与试验研究

Simulation Analysis and Experimental Study on Ridge-like CuttingTable for Harvesting Sweet Potato Stems and Leaves

为解决甘薯茎叶相互交错缠绕、难以分离导致收获困难的问题,设计了一种甘薯秧蔓收获机拨禾割台,并对锯齿形圆盘刀、拨禾轮式仿垄型割刀切割甘薯茎秆的过程进行力学和运动学分析,得到其作业参数范围。利用ANSYS和SolidWorks分别建立甘薯茎秆的柔性体和拨禾轮式仿垄型割台模型,将建立好的模型在ADAMS仿真软件中进行植株与割台之间的刚-柔耦合模型分析,得到割刀切割茎秆时所产生的切割力大小。以机组前进速度、割台转速、切割角度作为田间试验因素,甘薯秧蔓回收率为验证指标进行田间试验,并利用Design-Expert 13.0软件中Box-Behnken试验设计方法,研究各试验因素交互作用对甘薯秧蔓回收率的影响,建立回归模型,得到最优工作参数组合。结果表明,当机组前进速度为0.801m/s、割台转速为50.037r/min,切割角度为123.309°时,甘薯秧蔓的回收率达到91.524%。根据最优工作参数组合为作业参数进行田间试验验证,结果表明:甘薯秧蔓回收率的平均值为92.83%,相对误差小于5%,最优参数合理。

In order to solve the problem that sweet potato seedlings and vines are intertwined and difficult to separate,which leads to difficult harvesting,a harvesting table of sweet potato seedlings and vines harvester is designed,and the force and motion analysis of the process of cutting sweet potato stalks by serrated disc cutter and ridge-like cutter with reel wheel are carried out,and the operating parameter range is obtained.ANSYS and Solidworks are used to establish the flexible model of sweet potato stalk and the ridge-like header model of reel wheel,respectively.The rigid-flexible coupling model between the plant and the header is analyzed in ADAMS simulation software,and the cutting force generated when the cutter cuts the stalk is obtained.Taking the forward speed of the test unit,the rotating speed of the header and the cutting angle as the test factors,and the recovery rate of sweet potato seedlings as the test index,and using the Box-Behnken experimental design method in the Design-Expert 13.0 software,the model interaction and response surface analysis with the recovery rate of sweet potato seedlings as the index were established,and the regression model was established,and the optimal combination of working parameters was obtained:the forward speed of the unit was 0.801 m/s,the rotating speed of the header was 50.037r/min,and the cutting angle was 123.309°.According to the optimal combination of working parameters,the field experiment was carried out,and the results showed that the average recovery rate of sweet potato seedlings was 92.83%,the relative error was less than 5%,and the optimal parameters were reasonable.