不同带宽与行距配置对垄作冬小麦农艺性状、品质及水分利用的影响

Effects of Different Bandwidth Configurations on the Agronomic Traits,Quality,and Water Use Efficiency of Ridge Planting Winter Wheat

为筛选出适宜强筋冬小麦高效的垄作栽培模式,在大田试验条件下,研究常规条播(TCK)、垄作2条带宽幅播种(T2)、垄作常规条播的3条带(T3)及垄作常规条播4条带(T4)不同结构配置处理方式对冬小麦群体分蘖、茎秆特性、光合特性、品质和水分利用效率等方面的影响。结果表明:在冬小麦整个生育时期T4处理下的分蘖数量显著低于其他处理,成熟期时T2处理的冬小麦群体数量显著高于其他处理。4种处理下的叶面积指数随着生育进程的推进呈先升高后降低的单峰曲线波动,在孕穗期出现峰值。在花后7,14,21d,以及TCK处理下的光合作用参数显著低于T2、T3处理,但显著高于T4处理。垄作栽培有助于降低冬小麦株高、重心高度、节间长度,均显著低于TCK处理。随着垄台上冬小麦行距的减少,冬小麦的株高、重心高度、节间长度逐渐升高,三者均表现为T2<T3<T4。T2与TCK、T3、T4处理相比较,其籽粒产量分别提高3.0%、1.5%和14.0%,水分利用效率分别提4.2%、0.6%和10.1%。综上所述,T2是有利于强筋小麦稳产保质节水抗倒的较优栽培方式。

In order to select lodging-resistant ridge bed planting models with high efficiency that is suitable for the strong gluten winter wheat,the effects of different planting treatments with different structural configurations such as conventional border sowing(TCK),2 bands wide ridge bed sowing(T2),3 bands(T3)conventional ridge bed strip sowing and 4 bands(T4)conventional ridge bed strip sowing on the population tillers,stem feature,agronomic traits,photosynthetic characteristics,quality,and water use efficiency of winter wheat are investigated under the field experimental environment.The results indicate that the number of tillers under the T4 planting treatment was significantly lower than that of other planting models throughout the entire growth period of the winter wheat,and the population size under the T2 planting treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments during the maturity period of the winter wheat.The leaf area index under the four planting treatments fluctuates in an unimodal curve that increase at first and then decrease with the progress of the growth,and peaked at the booting stage.At the 7d,the 14d,and the 21d after flowering,the photosynthetic parameters under the TCK planting treatment were significantly lower than those of the T2 and T3 planting treatments,but significantly higher than those of the T4 planting treatment.Ridge bed planting can help reduce the plant height,the center height of gravity,and the length between nodes of the winter wheat.The values of all these indicators of the three planting treatments were significantly lower than those of the TCK planting treatment.As the spaces among the rows of the winter wheat on the ridge decreases,the stem height,the center height of gravity,and the length between nodes of the winter wheat gradually increase.A sequence of T2<T3<T4 can be observed.Compared with TCK,T3,and T4 planting treatments,the T2 planting treatment has an increased grain yield of 3.0%,1.5%and 14.0%,respectively,and an increased water use efficiency of 4.2%,0.6%and 10.1%,respectively.To sum up,the T2 planting treatment and the T3 planting treatment are the optimal planting methods to ensure the stable yield,good quality,high water-use efficiency and lodging resisiof the strong gluten winter wheat.