不同雪茄烟品系农艺性状与干物质积累研究

The Study of Agronomic Characters and Dry Matter Accumulation of Different Cigar Strains

为筛选适宜山东烟区栽培的雪茄烟品系,探究雪茄烟在山东烟区的生长发育特征及质量特性,以5个国内优质雪茄烟品系(QX100、QX102、QX103、QX105、QX107)为试验材料,通过不同地点田间试验,按照YC/T142‒2010《烟草农艺性状调查方法》,使用连续流动分析仪和火焰光度计等方法,研究不同雪茄烟品系的田间性状、养分吸收积累和质量性状的表现差异。结果表明:生育期方面,临朐点雪茄各品系的生育期差异较小,沂水点QX102和QX105差别较大,QX102现蕾和中心花开放时间较长,QX105历经时间较短;其他品系无明显差异,两地点的植物学性状表现一致。农艺性状方面,临朐点QX100株高最高,叶片宽且薄,支脉少且细;QX102叶片数最多但叶片较小且支脉数最多;QX103株高较矮,叶长较长,叶片较厚;QX105叶宽最小,支脉较细;QX107叶片较大,支脉最粗。沂水试验点,QX100株高最高,节距、叶长和叶宽最大,除叶长外与其他品系具有显著差异,其茎围、茎叶夹角较小,支脉最细;QX102株高较矮,叶片数多,节距小;QX103叶片厚,支脉粗;QX105株高较矮,叶片较小;QX107叶片较大,叶片薄。干物质及养分积累方面,QX103叶片和总干物质积累量均最高,QX100叶片磷钾含量较高,但养分积累能力弱于QX103;QX103的氮磷钾累积量均最高,QX105的磷累积量最低,QX107的钾累积量最低。QX100晾制后烟叶呈棕色,单叶重最大,QX107原烟厚度最厚,单叶重较重。综合田间表现和物质养分积累以及质量表现来看,QX100和QX103表现相对较好,更适合茄衣烟叶生产,可作为山东烟区的主栽茄衣品系。

This study aims to select cigar tobacco cultivars suitable for cultivation in the Shandong tobacco-growing region and explore the growth and quality characteristics of cigar tobacco in the Shandong region.Five domestic high-quality cigar tobacco cultivars(QX100,QX102,QX103,QX105 and QX107)were selected as experimental materials and subjected to field experiments at different locations.Following the methods outlined in YC/T142‒2010 Methods for Investigation of Agronomic Traits of Tobacco,differences in field traits,nutrient absorption and accumulation,and quality characteristics among different cigar tobacco cultivars were studied using continuous flow analyzers and flame photometers.The results showed that in terms of growth period,the differences in the growth period among the various cultivars of cigar tobacco in Linqu are relatively small,while QX102 and QX105 in Yishui show significant differences.QX102 has a longer time from budding to central flower opening,whereas QX105 experiences a shorter duration.There are no significant differences in botanical traits between the two locations.Regarding agronomic traits,in Linqu,QX100 exhibits the tallest plant height,wide and thin leaves,and few and slender veins;QX102 has the highest leaf number but smaller leaves and the most veins;QX103 has shorter plant height and longer leaves and with thicker leaf blades;QX105 has the smallest leaf width and thinner veins;QX107 has larger leaves with the thickest veins.In the Yishui experimental site,QX100 shows the tallest plant height,longest internode distance,longest leaf length,and widest leaf width,with significant differences from other cultivars except in leaf length.Additionally,it has a smaller stem girth,smaller stem-leaf angle,and the thinnest veins.QX102 exhibits shorter plant height,more leaves,and shorter internode distances;QX103 has thicker leaves and veins;QX105 has shorter plant height and smaller leaves;QX107 has larger,thinner leaves.Regarding dry matter and nutrient accumulation,QX103 shows the highest accumulation of leaf and total dry matter,while QX100 has higher phosphorus and potassium content in leaves but weaker nutrient accumulation compared to QX103.QX103 also exhibits the highest accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium,while QX105 has the lowest phosphorus accumulation,and QX107 has the lowest potassium accumulation.After curing,QX100's leaves turn brown with the highest single leaf weight,while QX107 exhibits the thickest original tobacco thickness and relatively heavy single leaf weight.Taking into consideration the overall field performance,accumulation of nutrients and dry matter,as well as quality traits,QX100 and QX103 demonstrate relatively better performance.They are more suitable for the production of cigar wrapper leaves and can be recommended as the main cultivated cigar wrapper cultivars in the Shandong tobacco-growing region.