两份海南地方木豆资源的核型分析

Karyotype analysis of two local varieties of Cajanus cajan in Hainan,China

木豆(Cajanus cajan)是我国热带亚热带地区重要的豆类作物,是一种集粮、饲料、药物为一体的多用途植物,同时,作为先锋植物,在水土保持、土壤改良等方面有重要功能。海南木豆种植时间长、资源多样性高,但细胞遗传学方面的报道目前较少。本研究以海南两个重要木豆产区‘保亭’和‘白沙’木豆地方资源为材料,通过核型分析发现,‘保亭’木豆核型公式为2n=2x=22=16m+6sm,其中10号染色体有一对随体,相对长度组成为2n=1L+5M2+3M1+2s,为1A型;‘白沙’木豆核型公式为2n=2x=22=20m+2sm,未发现随体,相对长度组成为2n=1L+4M2+5M1+1s,为2A型。本研究结果为木豆资源鉴定提供了新技术,也为种质创新和新品种选育提供参考。

Cajanus cajan is an important legume crop in the tropical and subtropical regions of China,acting as a multipurpose plant that integrates grain,feed,and medicine.Additionally,as a pioneer plant,C.cajan contributes to soil and water conservation and soil improvement.Despite the long history of cultivation and the high resource diversity of C.cajan in Hainan,there has been limited research on its cytogenetics.In this study,C.cajan from two important C.cajan producing areas in Hainan,‘Baoting’and‘Baisha’,were evaluated.Based on karyotype analysis,the following results were obtained:1)for C.cajan obtained from‘Baoting’,the karyotype formula was 2n=2x=22=16m+6sm,the ninth group chromosome was observed to have a satellite,and the relative length composition was 2n=1L+5M2+3M1+2s,typed 1A;2)for C.cajan obtained from Baisha,the karyotype formula was 2n=2x=22=20m+2sm,neither satellite nor B chromosome were observed,and the relative length composition was 2n=1L+4M2+5M1+1s,typed 2A.The chromosomal characteristics of the two C.cajan plants from Hainan provide insights into new techniques for C.cajan resource identification,as well as a reference for germplasm innovation and new variety breeding.