水肥与覆膜对油莎豆产量及土壤性质的影响

Effects of water and fertilizer application and film mulching on Cyperus esculentus yield and soil properties

为探究极端干旱区油莎豆(Cyperus esculentus)经济有效的水肥种植措施,本研究在和田地区沙漠-绿洲过渡带风沙土上设置了水肥和覆膜的双因素试验,设3个水肥处理(60%、80%和100%水肥),3个覆膜处理(无膜、液膜和白膜),共计9个处理,分析了不同水肥处理和覆膜方式对油莎豆干物质产量、土壤养分、土壤盐的影响。结果表明,不同水肥处理对油莎豆的生长与各部分产量均无显著影响(P>0.05),覆膜处理显著影响油莎豆株密度、块茎个数、千粒重及块茎产量(P<0.05)。油莎豆叶生物量与块茎产量均在覆盖白膜条件下最大,块茎产量在液膜处理下为最低。水肥与覆膜处理对土壤养分均有显著影响,水肥处理与覆膜处理对0-20 cm土层土壤有机质、水解性氮、速效钾,以及20-40 cm土层土壤水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾存在显著交互作用。种植油莎豆显著降低了土壤有机质含量,增加了其余养分含量,土壤有机质含量在白膜+60%水肥条件下为最高;并且显著降低了土壤深层盐分含量,但过量的水肥会导致表层土壤盐渍化。综上所知,在覆盖白膜的条件下,选择较低的水肥添加量能够在获得较高的油莎豆产量的同时,减少成本,获得最大的经济生态效益,因此,针对贫瘠缺水的沙化土地,推荐使用白膜+60%水肥的模式种植油莎豆。

To explore the effective water and fertilizer application measures for Cyperus esculentus in extremely arid areas,this study conducted a dual-factor experiment of water-fertilizer application and mulching on wind-blown sandy soil in the desert-oasis transition zone of Hetian region.Three water-fertilizer treatments,i.e.,60%,80%,and 100%of water or fertilizer levels,and three mulching treatments,i.e.,no mulch,liquid film,and white film,were set up,with a total of nine treatments.The effects of different water and fertilizer treatments and mulching methods on the yield of C.esculentus,soil nutrients,and soil salinity were analyzed.The results showed that different water-fertilizer treatments had no significant effects on the growth and yield of C.esculentus,whereas mulching treatments significantly affected the plant density,number of tubers,thousand-grain weight,and tuber yield.The biomass of C.esculentus leaves and tuber yield were the highest under white film,whereas tuber yield was the lowest under liquid film.Both water-fertilizer application and mulching treatments had significant effects on soil nutrients.There was a significant interaction effect between water and fertilizer treatments on soil organic matter content,hydrolytic nitrogen,and available potassium in the 0-20 cm soil layer as well as hydrolytic nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium in the 20-40 cm soil layer.Planting C.esculentus significantly reduced soil organic matter content and increased the contents of other nutrients.Soil organic matter content was the highest under white film with 60%water and fertilizer.Moreover,planting C.esculentus significantly reduced soil salt content in deep layers,but excessive water and fertilizer could lead to soil salinization in the surface layer.Our study suggests that under the condition of white film mulching,choosing a lower amount of water and fertilizer application can reduce cost and achieve maximum economic and ecological benefits while obtaining a higher yield of C.esculentus.Therefore,for barren and water-deficient sandy land,planting oil safflower under white film mulching with 60%water and fertilizer is recommended.