欠发达地区小学创客教育发展困境表征与内驱路径

A Study on the Characterization of Development Predicament and Internal Driving Path of Maker Education of Primary Schools in Underdeveloped Areas

小学创客教育在促进创新人才培养中发挥着重要作用。从师资力量、经费投入、课程实施、教育价值四个方面分析,欠发达地区小学创客教育存在着教师数量不足和质量不高的双重限制、投入成本高而经费不足、课程生存空间狭小、以竞赛为目的而背离普惠教育原则等发展困境。基于发展困境提出实施内驱发展路径,具体包括:发挥名教师、校长、教研员的引领作用,增强师资力量;打造“互联网+”创客教育,缓解师资与投入的双重压力;主动融入综合实践活动课程、地方课程、校本课程,创设课程空间;推动创客教育与学科教学深度融合,回归创客教育本质。

Maker Education in primary schools plays an important role in promoting the cultivation of creative talents.From four aspects:teacher strength,fund investment,curriculum implementation,and education value to analyze,there are many dilemmas in maker education in primary schools of underdeveloped areas,such as the shortage of teachers and the low quality of teachers,the high input cost and the shortage of funds,the narrow space for curriculum survival,and the deviation from inclusive education principles for the purpose of competition.Based on the analysis of development predicament,the paper puts forward the internal drive development path,including:firstly,giving full play to the leading role of famous teachers,headmaster of a primary school and teaching-research staff to enhance the strength of teachers;secondly,using"Internet plus"maker education to relieve the dual pressure of teachers and investment;thirdly,joining the integrated practical activities curriculum,local curriculum,school-based curriculum to create curriculum space;and finally,integrating maker education with other courses and returning to the essence of maker education.