超快通道麻醉在心脏体外循环手术中的应用

Application of ultra-fast-track anesthesia in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery

超快通道麻醉(ultra-fast-track anesthesia,UFTA)指在手术后立即恢复患者的自主呼吸并拔除气管导管,已成为心脏外科手术的一个重要议题。这种方法旨在通过缩短机械通气时间,降低术后并发症的风险,加快康复进程,从而优化医疗资源的使用并改善患者的预后。本综述围绕加强康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)的理念,探讨UFTA在心脏手术中的应用,分析其优点、潜在风险与局限性,并探索现有研究进展和未来的发展方向,以便为临床实践和未来研究提供指导和启示。

In cardiac surgery,Ultra-fast-track anesthesia(UFTA)has become an important topic by restoring the patient’s spontaneous breathing and removing the endotracheal tube immediately after surgery.This approach aims to optimize the use of medical resources and improve patient outcomes by shortening the duration of mechanical ventilation,reducing the risk of postoperative complications,and speeding up the recovery process.This review focuses on the application of UFTA in cardiac surgery in the context of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS),analyzing its advantages,potential risks and limitations and exploring the existing research progress and future development directions so as to provide guidance and enlightenment for clinical practice and future research.