不同授粉树对“脆蜜”滇刺枣着果和果实品质的影响初探

Preliminary study on the effect of different pollination trees on fruit set and fruit quality of Crisp Honey green jujube

为了探究不同滇刺枣品种辅助授粉对“脆蜜”滇刺枣着果的影响,观测4年生以上“脆蜜”“越南野枣”“高朗一号”开花习性和自然授粉结果情况,设置“脆蜜”母树相同位置短截枝条上分别嫁接“越南野枣”和“高朗一号”接穗1枝辅助授粉处理,以“脆蜜”自花授粉为对照,观测3个处理的“脆蜜”的果实纵横径变化和着果情况,并测定单果质量、果实可溶性固形物含量等果实品质指标。结果表明,嫁接“高朗一号”接穗处理的着果率>嫁接“越南野枣”接穗处理>对照(“脆蜜”自花授粉),且两两之间差异极显著(p<0.01)。花后不同时间,3个处理的果实纵横径快速增长,变化趋势基本类似。3个处理对果实品质产生一定影响,果形指数、单果质量、可食率、果实蛋白质含量、可溶性固形物含量等指标间差异不大。采后0~28 d时,3个处理室温(19℃左右)贮藏的果实烂果率呈增长趋势;采后28 d时烂果率均达到100%。其中,嫁接“高朗一号”接穗处理的果实烂果率发展速度较慢,采后21 d时其烂果率极显著低于其他两个处理。说明试验条件下,“脆蜜”滇刺枣以嫁接“高朗一号”接穗辅助授粉处理的效果较好。

To explore the effect of assistant pollination by different varieties of green jujube on fruit set of Crisp Honey green jujube,the flowering habits of Crisp Honey jujube,Gaolang No.1 jujube,and Vietnam wild jujube were observed.By grafting Vietnam Wild jujube(T1)and Gaolang No.1(T2)onto Crisp Honey jujube for assistant pollination,and using self-pollination Crisp Honey jujube as control(CK),the fruit setting rate,fruit length and width were observed,the single fruit weight and the soluble solids content were determined.The results showed that the fruit setting rate of these three treatments was T2>T1>CK,and there was an extremely significant difference between the treatments(p<0.01).At different periods after flowering,the fruit length and width of the three treatments increased rapidly with same trend of change.Three treatments had certain effect on fruit quality.There was no significant difference among three treatments in fruit shape index,single fruit weight,edible rate,protein content and the soluble solids content.The rotted fruit rate of three treatments stored under normal temperature was increasing from 0—28 days after harvest with rotted fruit rate of 100%on the 28th day after harvest.At 14 days post harvest,the rotten fruit rate of Gaolang No.1 treatment increased slowly,and extremely significantly lower than that of other two treatments on the 21th day post harvest,which indicated that the effect of Gaolang No.1 grafted on Crisp Honey green jujube as pollination variety was better.