湘南脐橙生产成本与效益案例分析

Case research on the production costs and benefits of Xiangnan navel orange

分析脐橙生产成本与收益构成情况,可为改进脐橙生产管理提供参考。以湖南省郴州市宜章县一户家庭经营、适当规模、精细管理的脐橙园(1.52 hm^(2),2002年定植,2007年进入丰产期)为具体案例,追踪2012—2021年共10年的产量变化和市场价格变化,分析生产过程中成本投入、投入具体构成和生产效益。结果显示,这10年内该园果实售价为4.2~6.6元/kg,10年平均单位面积产值1.02万元/667 m^(2),其中,生产成本约2666.7元/667 m^(2),利润7552.6元/667 m^(2),成本利润率达293%。在生产总成本中,人工成本占比最高,为38.80%;农业投入品(肥料和农药等)成本占比其次,占36.49%。人工成本从2012—2016年5年均值的881.57元/667 m^(2)升高至2017—2021年5年均值的1296.70元/667 m^(2),增长近50%。10年平均,单位产量的生产成本为1.56元/kg。节约人工成本,是提升脐橙生产效益的关键。

Analyzing the composition of production costs and benefits of navel orange cultivation can provide reference for improving production management.Using a family-run,moderate scale and meticulously managed navel orange orchard in Yizhang County,Chenzhou City,Hunan Province(1.52 hectares,planted in 2002,reaching high yield period in 2007)as the case,the changes in yield and market prices over a ten-year period from 2012 to 2021 were investigated,and the cost inputs,specific input composition and production benefits were analyzed.The results indicated that during the ten years,the price of the oranges ranged from 4.2 to 6.6 CNY/kg,with an average unit area output value of 10,200 CNY/667 m^(2).Production costs averaged at 2,666.7 CNY/667 m^(2),yielding a profit of 7,552.6 CNY/667 m^(2) and a cost-profit ratio of 293%.Labor costs constituted the highest proportion of total production costs at 38.80%,followed by agricultural inputs(fertilizers and pesticides)at 36.49%.From 2012 to 2016,the average labor cost was 881.57 CNY/667 m^(2),and increased to 1,296.70 CNY/667 m^(2) from 2017 to 2021,representing a nearly 50%increase.On average,the production cost per unit yield was 1.56 CNY/kg over the ten years.Reducing labor costs is identified as a key factor of enhancing the profitability of navel orange production.