新抗原肿瘤疫苗临床试验的研究现状与展望

Current status and future prospect of neoantigen tumor vaccine clinical trials

近年来,新抗原肿瘤疫苗的蓬勃发展开启了肿瘤免疫治疗的新篇章。随着各种组学和生物信息学等技术的不断进步,新抗原肿瘤疫苗的研发和临床转化成为了最令人瞩目的研究方向。肿瘤疫苗在实体瘤的临床前研究及相关临床试验均显示出了抗肿瘤潜力,可分为预防性疫苗和治疗性疫苗。本文主要从新抗原肿瘤治疗性疫苗中的信使RNA疫苗、树突状细胞疫苗、合成肽疫苗和病毒载体疫苗等角度,论述2021—2024年国内外新抗原肿瘤疫苗相关的临床试验,并归纳研究现状、存在问题、应对措施和展望未来研究方向。

In recent years,the burgeoning field of neoantigen tumor vaccines has marked a new chapter of tumor immunotherapy.Advancements in various omics and bioinformatics have propelled neoantigen tumor vaccine research to the forefront of oncological investigation.Demonstrating substantial anti-tumor potential in both preclinical studies and clinical trials for solid tumors,these vaccines represent a promising avenue for cancer treatment.Tumor vaccines can be categorized into preventive and therapeutic vaccines.This review delves mainly into the clinical trials of neoantigen tumor vaccines conducted globally from 2021 to 2024.It meticulously examines these trials through the lens of various vaccine platforms,including message RNA vaccines,dendritic cellbased vaccines,synthetic peptide vaccines,and viral vector vaccines.Furthermore,it provides an in-depth analysis of the current state of research,identifies key issues impeding progress,proposes countermeasures to overcome these obstacles,and forecasts future directions.