解磷生物炭基肥料制备的优化及其对葡萄生长及土壤质量的影响

Optimization of phosphate-dissolvingbiochar-based fertilizer and its effect on grape growth and soil quality

以解磷菌株X P18为对象,通过优化炭基微生物肥料制备工艺,制备具有高菌活性的解磷炭基微生物肥料。同时,以“女皇”葡萄作为试验对象,分别设计了空白(CK)、生物炭、炭基肥和液体肥4个处理组,通过测定土壤理化性质、采收期葡萄品质等指标,考察了炭基微生物肥料对葡萄品质以及土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明:在菌液与添加生物炭质量比为3.0∶1.0,吸附时间为6 h,吸附时转速为100 r/min,保护剂为质量分数4%的海藻糖时,制备出的炭基微生物肥料活菌数最多。同时,果园实验表明:与CK组相比,炭基微生物肥料显著提高了土壤有效磷的质量分数,可达221.81%,并且碱解氮、有机质和速效钾含量均有不同程度的提高,分别达到了质量分数8.30%、20.61%和39.54%,并且土壤培肥效果较好。炭基肥组处理的葡萄果形参数、可溶性固形物和可溶性糖较空白组分别提升了6.64%、8.81%和14.95%,总酸度降低了23.18%,固酸比显著增加,达40.67%。由此说明:施用解磷生物炭基肥料能更好地增加土壤养分的释放,从而促进葡萄更好的生长和土壤质量的提升。

Taking the phosphate solubilizing bacteria X-P18 as the object,by optimizing the preparation process of biochar-based fertilizers,the phosphate solubilizing biochar-based fertilizers with high bacterial activity were prepared.With the“Queen”grape as the test object,four treatments were designed:blank,biochar,charcoal-based fertilizer and liquid fertilizer,and the effect of biochar-based fertilizer on grape quality and soil physicochemical properties was investigated by measuring the physical and chemical properties of the soil and the quality of grapes at the harvesting period.The results of the experiment found that when the mass ratio of bacterial liquid to the added biochar was 3.0∶1.0,the adsorption time was 6 h,the rotation speed during adsorption was 100 r/min,and the protective agent was trehalose with a mass ratio of 4%,the prepared biochar-based fertilizer has the most living bacteria count.At the same time,the orchard experimental data showed that compared with the blank,the biochar-based fertilizer significantly increased the content of soil available phosphorus(221.81%),and the content of alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen,available potassium and organic matter increased to 8.30%、20.61%and 39.54%respectively,the soil fertility improvement effect is better.Compared with the blank group,the fruit shape parameters,soluble solids and soluble sugars of the grapes treated by the carbon-based fertilizer group increased by 6.64%,8.81%,and 14.95%,the total acidity decreased by 23.18%,and the solid-acid ratio increased significantly by 40.67%.Basic fertilizer can better increase the release of soil nutrients,thereby promoting better growth of grapes and improvement of soil quality.