福州市人居环境质量综合评价

A comprehensive quality assessment of the human settlement environment in Fuzhou

科学地评价人居环境有助于发现城乡建设现状存在的不足从而调整优化发展策略,是支撑城乡规划重要的基础工作.该文以马斯洛需求层次理论结合多源数据分析方法构建指标体系,集成木桶理论与互斥互吸模型融合评价指标,利用地理探测器定量剖析人居环境时序演变的驱动因素,构建城市人居环境质量综合评价模型,并以福州市2012—2021年1 km栅格的多源数据为样本开展实证研究,对于提升人居环境评价的理论与应用水平均具有参考价值.结果表明:1)福州市人居环境水平呈现出从沿海向内陆递减的地带性以及从中心城市向周边递减的圈层分布结构,“东强西弱”与“南高北低”的地域分异特征明显.2)空间上相邻的人居环境单元之间具有较强的相互作用.3)教育、医疗、购物与休闲等方面资源供给的空间分布与调整是影响人居环境质量及其变化的关键因子.

Evaluating human settlement environment scientifically is helpful for finding out the existing weakness in urban and rural construction so as to adjust and optimize the developing strategy,which is an important basic work to support urban and rural planning.This paper constructed an evaluation index system by combing Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and multi-source data analysis methods,fused evaluation indicators through integrating Cask Theory with Mutual Exclusion and Mutual Attraction Models(MM-model),and analyzed quantitatively the driving factors of temporal evolution of human settlement environment by ultilizing geographical detector.A comprehensive model of assessing human settlement environment quality has been constructed and a case study has been conducted by taking the multi-source data with the grid scale of 1 km×1 km from 2012 to 2021 as samples in Fuzhou,which has reference value for improving the theoretical as well as the practical level of human settlement environment evaluation.The results indicate that:1)The overall quality of the human settlement environment in Fuzhou generally exhibits the zonal variation law of decreasing from the coastal area to the inland and a circle distribution trend of decreasing from central cities to their surroundings.It also shows the characteristics of“high in the east and low in the west,high in the south and low in the north”,a regional difference.2)There are strong interactions between spatially adjacent human settlements.3)The key factors influencing human settlement environment quality and its change are spatial distribution and adjustment of resource supply of education,medical treatment,shopping,leisure and so on.