利用mtDNA COI、Cytb和D-loop条形码探讨地方牛的遗传多样性和系统发育关系

Exploring Genetic Diversity and Phylogenic Relationships of Indigenous Cattle using mtDNA COI,Cytb and D-loop Barcodes

试验在不同地区采集皖南牛、雷琼牛、那曲牦牛和海子水牛血液和毛发样本,获得基因组DNA后,通过常规PCR技术扩增mtDNA COI、Cytb和D-loop基因,借助Sanger测序获得条形码序列,对地方牛品种的遗传多样性进行探究。结果表明:4种牛的线粒体基因中,A/T含量均显著高于G/C含量,具有明显的反G偏倚,且都表现出较高的遗传多样性,其中那曲牦牛表现尤为突出。COI和Cytb蛋白密码子的使用也表现出了一定的偏好性。基于Cytb基因构建的NJ系统发育树表现最优,能够将4种牛更好的聚类,更适合本文系统发育关系的探究。

This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of local cattle breeds.In this experiment,blood and hair samples were collected in different regions from Wannan cattle,Leiqiong cattle,Naqu yak and Haizi buffalo,and genomic DNA was obtained.mtDNA COI,Cytb and D-loop genes were amplified by conventional PCR technique,and barcode sequences were obtained by Sanger sequencing,and then their genetic information was explored.The results showed that the A/T content of the mitochondrial genes of the four cattle species were significantly higher than the G/C content,with a significant anti-G bias,and all of them showed high genetic diversity,among which the Naqu yak was particularly outstanding.The use of COI and Cytb protein codons also showed a certain preference.The NJ phylogenetic tree constructed based on Cytb gene showed the best performance and was able to cluster the four cattle species better,which was more suitable for the exploration of phylogenetic relationships in this paper.