无取向电工钢应用现状及磁性能优化方法

APPLICATION STATUS AND MAGNETIC PROPERTY OPTIMIZATION METHODS OF NON-ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL

在绿色、环保、节能、碳达峰碳中和、传统的煤电能源向清洁能源转变,以及新能源产业爆发式发展的大背景下,对无取向电工钢的需求大幅度增加。综述了国内外无取向电工钢产品的应用现状,日本新日铁及JFE、韩国浦项、俄罗斯新利佩茨克、德国蒂森克虏伯、法国安赛乐米塔尔等国外企业均能生产全流程无取向电工钢产品;近年来国内以宝武、首钢为首的企业已实现厚度规格为0.15~0.65 mm所有牌号的国产化。新能源汽车主要采用0.30 mm及以下薄规格的无取向电工钢,目前,日本拥有最薄的无取向电工钢,厚度为0.10 mm,而国内暂未实现批量供货。鉴于提升磁性能是各企业追求目标,总结了低牌号及高牌号无取向电工钢磁性能优化方法。对于低牌号无取向电工钢可利用表面能法或相变法得到强{100}织构,也可通过低温轧制法遗传初始{100}织构改善磁性能;对于驱动电机用高牌号无取向电工钢常通过减薄厚度及添加合金元素改善铁损,可通过添加固溶强化、析出强化及时效强化元素来提高强度。

Under the background of green,environmental protection,energy conservation,carbon peak and carbon neutralization,the transformation of traditional coal electric energy to clean energy,as well as the explosive development of new energy industry,the demand for non-oriented electrical steel has greatly increased in motors industries.In view of the rapid development of non-oriented electrical steel,this paper summarizes the application status of non-oriented electrical steel products,Nippon Steel and JFE of Japan,POSCO of Korea,Novolipetsk of Russia,Thyssenkrupp of Germany,Arcelor Mittal of France and other foreign enterprises can produce the whole process of non-oriented electrical steel products.In recent years,enterprises led by China Baowu and Shougang have achieved localization of all grades,with thickness ranging from 0.15 to 0.65 mm.New energy vehicles mainly use thin gauge non-oriented electrical steel with thickness of 0.30 mm and below.Currently,Japan has the thinnest non-oriented electrical steel,with a thickness of 0.10 mm,but the domestic batch supply has not been achieved.Considering the improvement of magnetic properties is the goal of enterprises,this paper summarizes the optimization methods of magnetic properties of low-grade and high-grade non-oriented electrical steel.For low grade non-oriented electrical steel,the strong{100}texture can be obtained by surface energy method or phase transformation method,and the magnetic properties can also be improved by genetic initial{100}texture through low temperature rolling method.Whereas,for the high grade non-oriented eletrical steel of the drive motor,the iron loss is often improved by reducing the thickness and adding alloying elements,and the strength is also enhanced by adding reinforcement solution strengthening,precipitation strengthening and aging strengthening elements.