儿童友好城市的理论溯源、演进分期和分析框架——基于童年视角的全龄友好城市研究展望

THEORETICAL ORIGIN,EVOLUTIONARY STAGES,AND ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK OF CHILD-FRIENDLY CITIES:RESEARCH PROSPECTS OF ALL-AGE FRIENDLY CITIES FROM A CHILDHOOD PERSPECTIVE

儿童友好城市研究是全球童年研究运动的重要组成部分,在新童年社会学、女性主义理论和后现代空间理论的影响下兴起。历经从20世纪70—80年代的萌芽酝酿期,20世纪90年代至20世纪末的初创探索期,到21世纪至今,进入奠基发展期,分析框架大致经历从“年龄—发展”到“社会建构”再到“社会结构”的演变。针对当前“儿童”转向“童年”视角被忽视的问题,未来中国儿童友好城市应抓住全球童年研究浪潮,关注“代际关系和世代结构”下的空间问题,重启空间的教化和自然特性,提供“关注多代童年”的城市发展策略和基于童年视角的全龄友好城市方案,实现“人”(童年)、“地”(城市空间)协调。

Research on child-friendly cities is an integral part of the Global Childhood Research Movement,emerging under the influence of new sociology of childhood,feminist theory,and postmodern space theory.It has gone through several developmental phases:a period of germination from the 1970s to the 1980s,a period of exploration from the 1990s to the end of the 20th century,and a period of maturation from the 21st century to the present.During this process,the analytical framework has roughly transitioned from a focus on“age–development”to“social construction”,and then to“social structure”.In response to the current neglect of the shift from a child to a childhood perspective,China’s child-friendly cities should harness the momentum of the Global Childhood Research Movement.They should pay attention to the spatial issues arising under“intergenerational relations and generational structure”,revitalize the educational and natural attributes of space,and propose urban development strategies focusing on multi-generational childhood and all-age friendly city programs from a childhood perspective.This approach will help to realize the coordination between people(in their childhood stages)and place(urban space).