2018—2022年华东地区临床分离念珠菌耐药性监测

Surveillance of antifungal resistance in clinical isolates of Candida spp.in East China Invasive Fungal Infection Group from 2018 to 2022

目的监测中国华东地区临床分离念珠菌的耐药性,为临床诊断和治疗提供参考。方法以质谱或分子的方法对2018年1月—2022年12月收集的菌株进行复核鉴定,采用肉汤微量稀释法进行10种抗真菌药物的药敏试验。依据2022年美国临床和实验室标准化协会(CLSI)M27 M44s-Ed3和M57s-Ed4对药敏试验结果进行判读。结果共收集念珠菌3026株,无菌部位分离菌株占65.33%,主要标本类型为血液38.86%和胸腹水10.21%。白念珠菌占比(44.51%)最高、其次为近平滑念珠菌复合群19.46%、热带念珠菌13.98%、光滑念珠菌10.34%和其他念珠菌0.79%。对测试的10种抗真菌药物:白念珠菌较为敏感,敏感率最低为93.62%,2.97%的菌株对氟康唑剂量依赖性敏感(SDD);近平滑念珠菌对氟康唑SDD为2.61%,耐药率为9.42%,对其他药物的敏感率均大于90%;光滑念珠菌对氟康唑SDD为92.01%,耐药率为7.99%,泊沙康唑、伏立康唑非野生型菌株(NWT)分别为32.27%、48.24%,其他药物的敏感率均大于90%;热带念珠菌对氟康唑、伏立康唑耐药率分别为29.55%、26.24%,对泊沙康唑、伊曲康唑NWT分别为76.60%、21.99%,对棘白菌素类药物耐药率为2.36%。结论华东地区念珠菌的分离率和菌种分布与国内外报道基本一致,近平滑念珠菌复合群对氟康唑有一定的耐药性,热带念珠菌对三唑类药物有较高的耐药性,光滑念珠菌对氟康唑非敏感率较高。白念珠菌、近平滑念珠菌、热带念珠菌和光滑念珠菌均出现了对棘白菌素类耐药菌株。

Objective To monitor the antifungal resistance of clinical isolates of Candida spp.in the East China region.Methods MALDI-TOF MS or molecular methods were used to re-identify the strains collected from January 2018 to December 2022.Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the broth microdilution method.The susceptibility test results were interpreted according to the breakpoints of 2022 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)documents M27 M44s-Ed3 and M57s-Ed4.Results A total of 3026 strains of Candida were collected,65.33%of which were isolated from sterile body sites,mainly from blood(38.86%)and pleural effusion/ascites(10.21%).The predominant species of Candida were Candida albicans(44.51%),followed by Candida parapsilosis complex(19.46%),Candida tropicalis(13.98%),Candida glabrata(10.34%),and other Candida species(0.79%).Candida albicans showed overall high susceptibility rates to the 10 antifungal drugs tested(the lowest rate being 93.62%).Only 2.97%of the strains showed dose-dependent susceptibility(SDD)to fluconazole.Candida parapsilosis complex had a SDD rate of 2.61%and a resistance rate of 9.42%to fluconazole,and susceptibility rates above 90%to other drugs.Candida glabrata had a SDD rate of 92.01%and a resistance rate of 7.99%to fluconazole,resistance rates of 32.27%and 48.24%to posaconazole and voriconazole non-wild-type strains(NWT),respectively,and susceptibility rates above 90%to other drugs.Candida tropicalis had resistance rates of 29.55%and 26.24%to fluconazole and voriconazole,respectively,resistance rates of 76.60%and 21.99%to posaconazole and echinocandins non-wild-type strains(NWT),and a resistance rate of 2.36%to echinocandins.Conclusions The prevalence and species distribution of Candida spp.in the East China region are consistent with previous domestic and international reports.Candida glabrata exhibits certain degree of resistance to fluconazole,while Candida tropicalis demonstrates higher resistance to triazole drugs.Additionally,echinocandins resistance has emerged in Candida albicans,Candida glabrata,Candida tropicalis,and Candida parapsilosis.