2015—2021年CHINET临床分离克雷伯菌属细菌耐药性变迁

Changing distribution and resistance profiles of Klebsiella strains in hospitals across China:results from the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program,2015-2021

目的了解2015—2021年CHINET耐药监测网52所医院的克雷伯菌属细菌分布及对各类抗菌药物的耐药性变迁。方法按照CHINET技术方案对菌株进行抗菌药物敏感性试验,参照2021年CLSI M100折点标准。结果2015—2021年共分离到非重复克雷伯菌属细菌241549株,其中肺炎克雷伯菌88.0%、产气克雷伯菌5.8%、产酸克雷伯菌5.7%、其他克雷伯菌属0.6%。克雷伯菌属细菌主要分离自呼吸道标本(48.49±5.32)%;分离率前三的科室分别是内科(22.79±3.28)%、外科(17.98±3.10)%和ICU(14.03±1.39)%。肺炎克雷伯菌对大部分抗菌药物耐药率高于同属其他菌种,但替加环素及多黏菌素B仍在克雷伯菌属中显示较低的耐药性。肺炎克雷伯菌和产酸克雷伯菌的超广谱β内酰胺酶阳性菌株对抗菌药物的耐药率均高于其阴性菌株。ICU患者分离的肺炎克雷伯菌和碳青霉烯类耐药肺炎克雷伯菌(CRKP)对绝大部分抗菌药物耐药率高于非ICU患者,成年患者的CRKP对大部分抗菌药物耐药率高于儿童患者。结论2015—2021年临床分离克雷伯菌属细菌对碳青霉烯类抗生素的耐药率呈较大幅度增长,对替加环素、多黏菌素B仍保持较高的敏感率,仍需加强克雷伯菌属细菌耐药性监测。

Objective To understand the changing distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Klebsiella strains in 52 hospitals across China in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program from 2015 to 2021.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out according to the unified CHINET protocol.The susceptibility results were interpreted according to the breakpoints in the Clinical&Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)M100 document.Results A total of 241,549 nonduplicate Klebsiella strains were isolated from 2015 to 2021,including Klebsiella pneumoniae(88.0%),Klebsiella aerogenes(5.8%),Klebsiella oxytoca(5.7%),and other Klebsiella species(0.6%).Klebsiella strains were mainly isolated from respiratory tract(48.49±5.32)%.Internal medicine(22.79±3.28)%,surgery(17.98±3.10)%,and ICU(14.03±1.39)%were the top 3 departments where Klebsiella strains were most frequently isolated.K.pneumoniae isolates showed higher resistance rate to most antimicrobial agents compared to other Klebsiella species.Klebsiella isolates maintained low resistance rates to tigecycline and polymyxin B.ESBLsproducing K.pneumoniae and K.oxytoca strains showed higher resistance rates to all the antimicrobial agents tested compared to the corresponding ESBLs-nonproducing strains.The K.pneumoniae and carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae(CRKP)strains isolated from ICU patients demonstrated higher resistance rates to majority of the antimicrobial agents tested than the strains isolated from non-ICU patients.The CRKP strains isolated from adult patients had higher resistance rates to most of the antimicrobial agents tested than the corresponding CRKP strains isolated from paediatric patients.Conclusions The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant strains in Klebsiella isolates increased greatly from 2015 to 2021.However,the Klebsiella isolates remained highly susceptible to tigecycline and polymyxin B.Antimicrobial resistance surveillance should still be strengthened for Klebsiella strains.