重审技术自由主义:源流、发展与矫正

Reviewing Techno-libertarianism:Origins,Development and Correction

通常以为,信息技术革命具有自由市场的灵魂,技术自由主义则是对革命胜利的经验总结。但实际上,随着信息技术文化内涵的重构,一种由市场主导的技术自由主义经济叙事才被发明出来。这一叙事要求国家对数字经济领域采取“非监管”的政策,其根本目的在于经济上服务美国科技公司的全球扩张,政治上支持美国价值文化的世界传播。同时,技术自由主义也会导致经济分化和不平等、社会分歧和政治极化等问题。面对技术自由主义带来的挑战,美国出现了矫正困难的情况,欧洲则可能走向技术民族主义的另一个极端;相对而言,中国综合利用多种法律政策工具,形成了一套务实的做法,较好地平衡信息技术领域中个人权利保护与数字经济发展两者之间的关系。

Generally,the information technology revolution has the soul of free market,and techno-libertarianism is the experience summary of the victory of the revolution.However,with the reconstruction of the cultural connotation of information technology,a market-oriented techno-liberal economic narrative has been invented.This narrative requires the state to adopt a non-regulation principle in the field of digital economy,the fundamental purpose of which is to economically serve the global expansion of American technology companies and politically support the worldwide dissemination of American cultural values.Simultaneously,techno-libertarianism also leads to economic differentiation and inequality,social divergence and political polarization.In the face of the challenges brought by techno-libertarianism,the United States of America has a difficult situation to correct,and Europe may go to the other extreme of techno-nationalism.In contrast,China has adopted a pragmatic approach using a variety of legal and policy tools to better balance the protection of individual rights in the field of information technology with the development of the digital economy.