比较教育的学科谱系与方法图景

Disciplinary Genealogy and Methodological Perspectives of Comparative Education

比较研究方法论的发展与比较教育学科建设具有高度一致性。在谱系视角下,其经历多个阶段,形成了单国、若干国、多国比较三类研究集群,并愈发关注全球教育发展中的异质性问题。作为一种超方法论,比较教育通过弥合理论与实践的知识鸿沟、整合量化与质性的方法分歧、建构变量与案例的范式取向,从时间与空间的多维中形成具有丰富学理内涵的比较频谱。通过结合基本原理与研究案例对单国比较、若干国比较与多国比较三类研究集群的梳理,试图回应高质量发展阶段比较教育学科建设“为何、如何、何为”等关键问题。

The progress in comparative methodology is highly embedded in the development of comparative education.From the perspective of genealogy,this field has traversed multiple phases,crystallizing into three distinct research clusters:single-country,multi-country,and cross-national comparisons,with an increasing focus on the heterogeneity of global educational development.As a supra-methodology,comparative methods unionize multi-dimensions of time and space,bridging the knowledge gap between theory and practice,integrating methodological divergence between quantitative and qualitative methods,and constructing a broad-spectrum of variables and cases.This paper aims to conduct single-country,multi-country,and cross-national comparisons on the basis of theories and case studies,so as to address the pivotal questions of“why,how,and what for”in the development of comparative education.