理性信仰如何可能?——论康德对“泛神论之争”的回应

How is Rational Faith Possible?—On Kant's Response to the Pantheism Controversy

通过对“泛神论之争”的回应,康德批判了雅各比和魏岑曼在信仰上的狂热主张和门德尔松的独断的常识信仰主张,并进一步说明了理性何以作为信仰的权威。虽然有限的理性存在者没有关于上帝的知识,但不能自身局限性而否认上帝的实在性;虽然一个道德的上帝理念是由实践理性悬设而来,目的在于满足实践理性的主观实践意图,但这一理念却具有普遍有效性。出于对人的神圣性的彰显以及对实践荒谬困境的避免,悬设作为至善的上帝是实践理性的必然要求。

By responding to the“pantheism controversy,”Kant criticizes Jacobi and Wizenmann's fantasy claims on faith and Mendelssohn's dogmatic faith in common sense to explain further how reason can serve as the authority for faith.Finite rational beings have no knowledge of God but cannot deny the reality of God just based on their limitations.The idea of a moral God postulated by practical reason is universally valid,even though it is posited to satisfy the subjective practical intentions of practical reason.Out of the manifestation of human holiness and the avoidance of absurdum practicum,the postulate of God as the highest good requires practical reason.