考虑移动式处理的医疗废物回收网络优化

Optimization of Medical Waste Recycling Network Considering Mobile Treatment

现有的医疗废物回收网络中未能结合移动式处理技术,存在过度依赖场外集中处置、源头处医疗废物产量大、偏远地区的医疗机构回收不及时等问题。为提高医疗废物的现场处置能力,减少运输过程中的感染风险和回收成本,提出“集中处置+移动式处理”的协同回收模式,构建了多车型两级车辆路径问题模型,通过改进的大邻域搜索算法(ALNS)得到最优回收方案。以武汉市的回收网络为例,设计并求解了大量算例,证明了算法的求解性能优于Gurobi。相较于现行的回收模式,协同回收最高能减少28.79%的感染风险,有利于回收网络的稳定运行。

Medical waste refers to the waste generated by medical and health institutions in the course of medical treatment,disease prevention,health care and other related activities,which are directly or indirectly infectious and/or toxic,etc.In recent years,with the increase of people's input in medical treatment and health care,the amount of medical waste has continued to grow.How to properly dispose of medical waste and reduce its ecological pollution so as to lower the risk to public health has become a common concern of the society and the government.Existing medical waste recycling networks mostly make inadequate use of mobile disposal technologies,and have such problems as over-reliance on off-site centralized disposal,heavy concentration of medical waste at points of origin,and long recycling delay for medical institutions in remote areas.In order to improve the on-site disposal capacity of medical waste and reduce the risk of infection and the recycling cost during transportation,we studied the optimization of medical waste reverse logistics network under the recycling mode of"centralized disposal+mobile treatment".Firstly,aiming at minimizing the recycling cost and risk exposure of the disposal unit,we constructed a mixed integer programming model,and designed a SA-ALNS algorithm to solve the model,which uses CW saving algorithm and greedy algorithm to generate the initial feasible solution,and then introduces the Metropolis acceptance criterion to expand the search neighborhood of the solution based on the ALNS algo-rithm.Secondly,we solved 12 small-scale examples and compared the result obtained with that obtained using Gurobi to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the algorithm.Finally,taking the medical waste recycling network of Wuhan as an example,we optimized the recycling mode and vehicle route of the medical institutions,and proposed a collaborative recycling mode of"central-ized disposal+mobile treatment".The calculation result shows that the introduction of mobile disposal tech-nologies could reduce the risk of infection in the recycling network by 28.79%.This research introduces mobile disposal technologies into the reverse recycling network of medical waste,providing a new entry point for the disposal unit to lower recycling cost and reduce the amount of medical waste and workload of the detection and disposal center,which is conducive to the stable operation of the re-cycling system.