我国宅基地的制度变迁逻辑——基于新制度经济学理论

The Logic of Institutional Changes in Homestead Land in my Country——Based on the Theory of New Institutional Economics

我国宅基地制度变迁中存在着一种处于诱致性变迁和强制性变迁之间的中间环节,这个环节由基层政府主导。然而,基层政府在制度供给过程中缺乏自身定位意识。其仅注意强制性变迁,忽略了所在的“中间环节”。基层政府与农村集体在协同推动制度变迁的过程中如仅关注到国家政策指引和地方利益,则难以实现其在中间环节中的作用,会导致制度变迁缺乏系统性安排。基层政府和农村集体应确定其在宅基地制度变迁中“中间环节”的定位,向上衔接因宅基地收益需求和产品功能转变而引发的制度强制性变迁,向下连系村民对宅基地灵活利用的创新需求而发生的诱致性变迁。

There is an intermediate link between induced changes and mandatory changes in the homestead system changes,which are led by grassroot governments of our country.However,grassroot governments lack awareness of their own positions in the system-supply process.They only pay attention to the mandatory changes and ignores the“intermediate links”.If grassroot governments and rural collectives jointly promote institutional changes,and only focus on national policy guidance and the realization of local interests,it will be difficult to realize their role in the intermediate links,resulting in a lack of systematic arrangements for institutional changes.Grassroot governments and rural collectives should determine their position as the“intermediate links”in the changes in the homestead system,connect upwards with the mandatory changes in the system caused by changes in homestead income demand and product functions,and connect downwards with villagers’flexible use of homesteads,induced changes that occur due to the need for innovation.