中国国家级抗战纪念景观类型划分与空间分布特征研究

On Classification and Spatial Distribution of National Memorial Landscapes of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in China

中国国家级抗战纪念景观是记述抗战史实、缅怀抗战英烈、表达爱国情怀、发展红色文化旅游的重要载体。选取257处国家级抗战纪念设施、遗址为研究对象,探讨其类型学问题,揭示空间分布特征。结果表明:中国国家级抗战纪念景观可划分为墓葬,纪念设施,纪念遗址/旧址、综合纪念地等4大主类,以及纪念场馆、烈士陵园、故居等18个基本类型。受山地、河流、城市战略地位、重大战役等自然和人文因素不同程度的影响和控制,沿NE-SW方向延展,“小聚集、大分散”特征显著,形成山西/河北结合部、北京、山东、江苏4个核心聚集区。通过深入揭示类型学与空间分布异质性特征,有望为抗战纪念景观遴选、保护与宣教工作提供参考。

China’s national-level memorial landscapes of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression serve as important vessels for documenting the history of the war,commemorating heroes,expressing patriotic sentiments,and developing cultural tourism related to revolutionary history.This study has investigated the classification and spatial distribution of memorial landscapes of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression by 257 cases in China.The results show that the memorial landscapes can be divided into 4 main categories including tombs,memorial facilities as well as comprehensive memorial sites and 18 basic types such as memorial venues,martyrs’cemeteries,and former residences.Influenced and controlled by natural and cultural factors such as mountains,rivers,urban strategic positions,and major battles,they extend along the NE-SW direction,with a significant characteristic of“small aggregation and large dispersion”,shaping four core aggregation areas in the junction of Shanxi and Hebei,Beijing,Shandong,and Jiangsu.By deeply revealing the heterogeneity of typology and spatial distribution,it is hoped to provide references for the selection,protection,and promotional education work of these memorial landscapes.