如何提高学徒参与学徒制的积极性?——基于美国劳工部学徒收益调查数据的分析

The Way to Increase the Apprentices’Participation in Apprenticeship:An Analysis Based on Apprentices’Benefits Survey Data from U.S.Department of Labor

学徒参与学徒制的积极性问题是职业教育领域的重要议题,学徒的参与积极性与其能从学徒经历中获得的各项收益有密切关系。基于美国劳工部的调查数据,从学徒期、学徒期结束后、预备学徒期结束后三个时间出发,对学徒的收益进行了分析。研究发现:在学徒期,学徒的收益包括每小时工资收入增长27%、实现了技能成长等;学徒期结束后的收益包括年均收入增长49%、获得资格或证书、获得就业保障、学徒收入差距缩小等;预备学徒期结束后的收益包括经济收入增加92%、就业率提升20%。这给我国的启示为:完善制度建设,保障学徒的货币化收益;提高教育质量,保障学徒的非货币化收益;研究与宣传并进,彰显学徒制对实现共同富裕的重要作用。

The issue of apprentices'participation enthusiasm in apprenticeship is a significant topic in vocational education.An apprentice's motivation for participation is closely related to various benefits they can gain from their apprenticeship experiences.Based on survey data from the U.S.Department of Labor,this paper analyzes the benefits of apprenticeship from three different time periods,namely while-apprenticeship,post-apprenticeship,and post-preliminary apprenticeship.It is found that during the apprenticeship,benefits include a 27% increase in hourly wages and skill development;during the post-apprenticeship,benefits include a 49% average annual income growth,acquisition of qualifications or certifications,employment security,and a reduction in income disparity among apprentices;benefits after a preliminary apprenticeship include a 92% increase in economic income and a 20% rise in employment rates.The implications for China are to improve institution development for apprentices'monetary benefits,to improve education quality for apprentices’non-monetary benefits,and to conduct research and promotion simultaneously for the important role of apprenticeships in achieving common prosperity.