强迫劳动国际规制的路径演进与中国因应

On China's Response to the Path Evolution of International Regulation on Forced Labor

强迫劳动是侵犯劳动者基本自由的违法行为已被国际社会所公认。在强迫劳动的国际规制过程中,国际组织对强迫劳动的制约未起到良好的效果,发达国家转而以单边及区域路径实施强迫劳动的国际规制。发达国家的规制路径具有较强的执行力,在客观上达成了重塑强迫劳动国际规制的效果。然而,此种规制路径在实践过程中造成了对国际规则的模糊解读与规制措施的政治化适用等困境。在多种规制路径并存的状态下,中国宜采取不同的应对措施:在单边规制层面,宜加强企业的尽职调查建设;在区域规制层面,宜在区域贸易协定谈判过程中对强迫劳动条款进行细致分析;在多边规制层面,宜加强政府及企业与国际组织的合作,保障强迫劳动国际规制体系的有效运行。

Forced labor is widely acknowledged by the international community as an unlawful practice that infringes upon the basic liberties of workers.In the process of international regulations on forced labor,international organizations have not effectively constrained forced labor.Developed countries,instead,have turned to implement the international regulation of forced labor through unilateral and regional paths,which has strong enforcement power and has achieved the effect of reshaping the international regulation of forced labor.This path of regulation,however,has also caused dilemmas such as unclear interpretations of international rules and politicized implementation of regulatory measures.In the context of multiple regulatory paths,China should adopt different response measures:to strengthen due diligence construction of enterprises at the level of unilateral regulation;to conduct detailed analysis of forced labor provisions in regional trade agreements;to enhance the cooperation between government,enterprises,and international organizations at the level of multilateral regulation,to ensure the effective operation of the international regulatory system on forced labor.