数字时代“大厂”员工的工作压力成因及其消解:技术嵌入·组织机制·文化情境

The Causes of and Solutions to Work Pressure of Employees of“Big Factory”in the Digital Era:Technological Embedding,Organizational Mechanisms,and Cultural Contexts

“大厂”数字劳动模式下所催生的员工工作压力,是全社会劳动管理数字化转型的一个集中缩影。研究认为,互联网大厂通过技术嵌入、组织机制、文化情境三个方面提升了员工的工作压力值,打破了员工工作生活的边界,形成了全员的“业务锦标赛”“绩效锦标赛”和固定淘汰制。上述现象叠加市场竞争的催化和有关劳动者权益保护制度不完善,引发了大厂员工的高流动性。通过对大厂员工工作压力的质性研究,研究建议,应当正视大厂劳动管理模式下劳动者权益受损的现象,从减少对员工的全景式监控、降低员工劳动过程对数字技术的过度依赖、改革不合理的绩效锦标赛、建设员工友好型企业文化等几个方面降低员工的工作压力值,努力促进员工工作和生活的平衡,有效保护数字时代“大厂”员工的各项劳动权益,实现数字经济的可持续发展。

The work pressure faced by employees in the digital labor mode is a concentrated refl ection of the digital transformation of labor management throughout society.Internet giants enhance employees'work pressure through technological embedding,organizational mechanisms,and cultural contexts,breaking the boundary between work and personal life,creating"business tournaments","performance tournaments",and fi xed elimination systems for all employees.This phenomenon,coupled with the catalytic effects of market competition and the imperfect protection system for workers'rights and interests,has led to high mobility of Big-factory’s employees.Based on qualitative research on the work pressure of employees in these Internet giant,the study suggests that enterprises should recognize the phenomenon of workers'rights and interests being damaged under the labor management model of these giants.They should reduce the panoramic monitoring of employees,decrease the excessive dependence of the labor process on digital technology,reform the unreasonable performance contest that leads to layoffs,and cultivate a friendly corporate culture,etc.These measures could reduce employees'work pressure,promote their work-life balance,effectively protect various labor rights of employees in the digital era,and achieve sustainable development of the digital economy.