不同种植模式对玉米光合特性、产量及品质的影响

Effects of different planting patterns on photosynthesis characteristic,grain yield and quality of maize

以6个不同熟期玉米品种为材料,于2020—2021年在河西走廊灌区不同地区开展试验,研究覆膜和露地两种种植模式对不同熟期玉米品种农艺性状、光合指标、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,不同地区两年参试品种在覆膜条件下的株高较露地种植提高3.96%,轴粗降低6.87%,其他农艺性状两种种植模式间差异不显著;品种间净光合速率(P n)、蒸腾速率(T r)、气孔导度(G s)和胞间CO 2浓度(C i)有所不同,但覆膜与露地种植模式间差异不显著;覆膜和露地种植处理的平均产量分别为16381.05 kg·hm^(-2)和16186.05 kg·hm^(-2),两模式间差异不显著;不同种植模式间的粗脂肪、粗蛋白、淀粉含量差异不显著。与露地种植模式相比,不同地区两个年份下早熟品种和中熟品种覆膜种植模式玉米产量分别平均降低5.30%和4.24%,晚熟品种玉米产量平均增加7.91%;与覆膜种植方式相比,露地种植早熟和中熟玉米品种的纯收入分别增加9.19%和6.99%,晚熟品种纯收入平均降低5.08%。综上所述,在河西走廊灌区,早熟和中熟玉米品种推荐选择露地种植,晚熟品种推荐采用覆膜种植。

During 2020 and 2021,we investigated the effects of planting patterns of film mulching and open-field on the agronomic traits,photosynthetic indexes,yield and quality of maize using six maize varieties‘Demeiya 3’,‘Longdan 606’,‘Longdan 339’,‘Xianyu 335’,‘Longdan 10’and‘Yuyu 22’as materials in different regions of Hexi irrigation area.Results showed that there were no significant differences in the phenotypic traits between film mulching and open-field cultivation,except plant height rose by 3.96%,cob diameter decreased by 6.87%,when compared film mulching with open-field planting pattern.Additionally,net photosynthetic rate(P n),transpiration rate(T r),stomatal conductance(G s)and intercellular CO 2 concentration(C i)were different among varieties,however there was no significant difference between film mulching and open-field planting patterns.The average yield of maize was 16381.05 kg·hm^(-2)and 16186.05 kg·hm^(-2)under film mulching and open-field,respectively,and there was no significant difference between the two planting patterns regarding the yield.Moreover,there was no significant difference in crude fat,crude protein,and starch contents between the two planting patterns.Among the six varieties,the early and middle ripe varieties on average decreased in grain yield of 5.30%and 4.24%by using film mulching,while the late ripe varieties on average increased 7.91%in grain yield with film mulching under different regions in both years,respectively.However,compared to film mulching,the net economic income of early and middle ripe varieties increased 9.19%and 6.99%under open-field planting,respectively,while the late ripe varieties on average decreased 5.08%.To sum up,it is concluded that the early and middle ripe maize varieties can be planted by the open-field planting,and the late ripe varieties can be planted with film mulching in the irrigation area of Hexi Corridor,China.