社区老年多重慢性病患者社会参与水平及影响因素分析

Status and influencing factors of social participation among elderly patients with multimorbidity in the community

目的:探讨社区老年多重慢性病患者社会参与水平及影响因素。方法:采用多阶段分层整群抽样法于2021年9月至12月抽取青岛市、广州市和苏州市6个街道社区的多重慢性病老年患者(≥60岁),对社会参与水平现状和健康状况等进行调查。分析不同特征老年多重慢性病患者社会参与水平状况差异,采用多因素线性逐步回归分析一般资料和常见慢性病共病组合等对老年多重慢性病患者社会参与水平的影响。结果:672例老年多重慢性病患者的社会参与总分为(43.42±17.86)分。年龄(b=3.710,95%CI:2.029~5.392)、居住方式(与家人同住:b=5.669,95%CI:1.738~9.600)、子女探望频率(1周1次:b=7.324,95%CI:4.004~10.645;15~30 d 1次:b=6.146,95%CI:2.481~9.811)、患高血压+脑卒中(b=4.490,95%CI:0.380~8.600)、患高血压+冠心病(b=-4.252,95%CI:-8.170~-0.334)、患糖尿病+脑卒中(b=6.046,95%CI:0.184~11.909)等共病模式均是社区老年多重慢性病患者社会参与水平的影响因素。结论:社区老年多重慢性病患者社会参与水平受到一定程度的限制,应给予该类患者更多生活支持和人文关怀,提高其社会参与水平。

Aim:To explore the status and influencing factors of social participation among elderly patients with multimorbidity in the community.Methods:The elderly patients with multimorbidity(≥60 years)from 6 street communities in Qingdao,Guangzhou and Suzhou were selected using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method from September to December,2021.Their social participation level and health status were investigated.The differential level of social participation of the patients with different characteristics was analyzed.Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze the effects of general data and common chronic comorbidity combinations on the level of social participation of the patients.Results:The total score of social participation was(43.42±17.86)in the 672 elderly patients with multimorbidity in the community.Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that age(b=3.710,95%CI was 2.029-5.385),residence mode(living with family:b=5.669,95%CI was 1.738-9.600),frequency of child visits(once a week:b=7.324,95%CI was 4.004-10.645;15-30 days once:b=6.146,95%CI was 2.481-9.811),hypertension+stroke(b=4.490,95%CI was 0.380-8.600),coronary heart disease+hypertension(b=-4.252,95%CI was-8.170--0.334),diabetes+stroke(b=6.046,95%CI was 0.184-11.909)were factors influencing the social participation level of the patients.Conclusion:The social participation level of elderly patients with multimorbidity in the community is limited to a certain extent,and they should be given more life support and humanistic care to improve their social participation.