鄂东南传统民居室内热环境评价及围护结构优化设计研究——以赤壁市安丰村但耔臾宅为例

Evaluation of Indoor Thermal Environment and Optimization Design of Enclosure Structures in Traditional Dwellings in Southeastern Hubei Province:A Case Study of Danziyu House in Anfeng Village,Chibi City

文章以湖北省赤壁市安丰村但耔臾宅为研究对象,对民居现场温湿度、风速、围护结构热工性能进行实测,通过软件仿真模拟及预计适应性平均热感觉指标(APMV)对其室内热环境进行评价。实测与模拟分析表明:民居夏季闷热(室内平均温度为33.41℃,峰值温度达37.20℃,平均风速为0.073m/s),冬季湿冷(室内平均温度为6.90℃,相对湿度为68.8%);屋顶和窗户材料单一,构造做法简易,热工性能较差;全年热环境时间占比分别为Ⅰ级22.0%、Ⅱ级41.8%和Ⅲ级36.2%,整体热环境质量较低。因此,提出屋顶增设2mm厚沥青卷材作防水层,40mm厚聚苯乙烯泡沫(XPS)板作保温层;窗户改用空气层厚度9mm的普通双层中空玻璃窗;北墙调整窗户尺寸为1000mm×1200 mm,东墙增设安装遮阳装置的800mm×1000mm小尺寸窗户等优化策略,并模拟验证其优化效果。为鄂东南地区传统民居的室内热环境改善提供了实用的参考依据。

This study focuses on the Danziyu House in Anfeng Village,Chibi City,Hubei Province,and conducts on-site measurements of temperature,humidity,wind speed,and the thermal performance of the building envelope.It evaluates the indoor thermal environment using software simulation and the Adaptive Predicted Mean Vote(APMV)index.The tests and simulation analysis reveal that the dwelling experiences hot and stuffy conditions in summer(with an average indoor temperature of 33.41°C,a peak temperature of 37.20°C,and an average wind speed of 0.073 m/s)and cold and humid conditions in winter(with an average indoor temperature of 6.90°C and a relative humidity of 68.8%).The roof and window materials are single-layer,and the construction is relatively simple,resulting in poor thermal performance.The distribution of thermal conditions throughout the year is as follows:Grade I 22.0%,Grade II 41.8%,and Grade III 36.2%,indicating an overall low thermal environment quality.Therefore,it is proposed to enhance the dwelling's thermal performance by adding a 2mm bituminous roofing membrane for waterproofing and a 40mm thick extruded polystyrene(XPS)insulation layer to the roof.Additionally,ordinary double-glazed windows with a 9mm air gap are recommended for window replacement.The north wall should include a 1000mm×1200mm window,and the east wall should have an 800mm×1000mm window equipped with sunshade devices.These optimization strategies are simulated and validated for their effectiveness,providing practical guidance for improving the indoor thermal environment in traditional dwellings in southeastern Hubei Province.