生态环境损害刑事司法积极合作模式的建构

The Construction of the Active Cooperation Mode ofEcological Environment Damage to Criminal Justice

调查取证面临特殊困难的生态环境刑事案件与严格要求程序正义的“对抗性刑事司法”模式不匹配,导致环境刑事司法难以在生态环境损害修复中发挥应有作用。与传统刑事司法不同,环境刑事司法中国家追诉机关与被追诉人的立场并非完全对立,亦可能建立在修复生态环境方面的共同利益上,双方可以通过协商、妥协达成共识,共同制订生态环境修复计划。这种新的司法范式不仅有助于救济生态损害,还能够减轻司法系统的负担,并促使被告人自觉履行生态环境损害赔偿责任。因此,有关部门要以积极合作司法理念为指引,构建以“损害环境媒介”为罪种特征的罪名;借鉴国外辩诉交易等制度的合理因素,在环境刑事司法领域通过形成认赔从宽共识,率先构建积极合作司法制度,纾解我国生态环境损害司法困境。

The ecological environment criminal cases facing special difficulties in investigation and evidence collection do not match the mode of“confrontational criminal justice”,which strictly requires procedural justice,which makes it difficult for environmental criminal justice to play its due role in the restoration of ecological and environmental damage.Different from traditional criminal justice,the position of the state prosecution organ and the defendant in environmental criminal justice is not in complete opposition,and it may be based on the common interests of the ecological environment restoration.The two sides can reach consensus through consultation and compromise,and jointly formulate the ecological environment restoration plan.This new judicial paradigm can not only help to relieve ecological damage,but also reduce the burden of the judicial system,and encourage the defendant to consciously fulfill the compensation liability for ecological and environmental damage.Therefore,the relevant departments should be guided by the concept of active cooperation in the judiciary and construct charges characterized by the crime of“damaging environmental media”,draw on the reasonable factors of foreign plea trading system,and take the lead in constructing the active cooperative judicial system to relieve the judicial dilemma of ecological environment damage in China.