宋徽宗的彼岸寄情——《千里江山图》的多种考证细说

An examination of Emperor Huizong’s sentiments:detailed interpretations of the painting‘A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains’

针对《千里江山图》的考据可以有多种路径,本文以微观考证的方式,从解读北宋绫绢工艺入手,探讨《千里江山图》采用绢本作绘呈现出的包括丝织纹理与运笔走势间的有致和谐,以及青绿山水在卷本上随类赋彩层层渲染,尽显绫绢质地的赋色效果。进言之,《千里江山图》的艺术化呈现是丰富的,不仅有着对山川自然青绿涂染所形成的设色淡而深沉的写照,更有着与人文情愫相结缘的超然气度。关于这一点,若从宋徽宗的观赏角度欣赏,在宋徽宗崇尚道教的思想背景下,对《千里江山图》还可以解读出是徽宗“道仙”感性意识的集中体现,画中有许多物象都体现了徽宗内心的隐逸之情,而中国画手卷的特殊表现形式,又为这种道家隐逸思想的抒发提供了如“千里云峰山水承载”“悠悠烟波田园深径”的诗意境界。因而,无论是从绫绢作绘,抑或青绿涂染表现,或是观看视角给予的综合评判,《千里江山图》都为后人留下了无尽的想象空间,有着独具特色的人文历史价值。

This paper takes a micro-level approach to studying the painting“A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains.”It starts with an analysis of the silk and satin artistry in the Northern Song Dynasty,and then delves into how the use of silk as the painting’s medium achieves a harmony between the silk fabric’s texture and the brushwork,and how the layers of blue and green landscapes are masterfully rendered on the scroll.In essence,the artistic presentation is rich and multifaceted.It not only portrays the natural landscape in light and depth created by the natural oxidation of the blue and green pigments,but it also embodies an aura of transcendental sentiment closely intertwined with humanistic emotions.From the perspective of Emperor Huizong’s appreciation,the painting can be interpreted as a concentrated embodiment of his emotive consciousness as a“Daoist Immortal”in the context of his Daoist pursuits.Many elements in the painting reflect Huizong’s inner sentiment of reclusion.Moreover,the unique narrative form displayed in Chinese handscroll painting provides an ideal medium for expressing this Daoist sentiment,evoking a poetic realm such as“mountains and waters carrying the ethereal clouds over thousands of miles”and the“serene paths of the pastoral fields amidst gentle waves.”Thus,whether it is through the use of silk and satin as the painting medium,the portrayal of blue and green pigments,or the holistic assessment from various viewing angles,“A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains”has left an endless space for imagination and possesses a distinct historical and cultural significance.