分裂与重塑:吐蕃王朝灭亡前后的历史进程

Splintering and Remodeling:The Historical Process Before and after the Fall of the Tibet Dynasty

据新发现资料显示,吐蕃赞普王朝灭亡时间当在贝科赞赞普被杀之后,灭亡之原因主要与此时平民暴动有关。从藏传佛教发展史来看,“前弘期”和“后弘期”只是一种相对的历史分期概念,佛教在卫藏销声匿迹,但在西部阿里、东部多康地区依然流传延续,并未中断。其中,西部阿里作为吐蕃王朝正统世袭王朝赞普所居之地,有其特殊的历史地位和政治社会生态。由于吐蕃王朝兴盛时名门望族在此地传播佛法和处于边地的原因,阿里此时仍然处于一种佛光仍未熄灭、佛事仍未中断的非常时期,传佛活动以小规模、小范围形式继续进行。另外,据《拉喇嘛益西沃广传》所载几份敕令和法敕,基本能肯定他既是赞普,又是“喇嘛”,行使着双重身份的职权,从而出现了后吐蕃时期特殊的政治体制。因此,吐蕃王朝灭亡前后的历史进程是一种政治的分裂与宗教的重塑阶段,统一格局的分裂导致吐蕃王朝分崩离析,而佛教对政治、社会的重塑影响了政教结构,政教合一制度由此形成。

The assassination of Palkhor Tsan marks the demise of the Tibetan empire.According to newly available sources,popular rebel-lions across the empire is a major factor contributing to its col-lapse.Our periodization of the early and later propagations of Ti-betan Buddhism does not so much reflect the reality,but rather shoud be thought as a retrospective perception of the past.Although Bud-dhism is wiped out in Central Tibet,it is continuously in practice in Western Tibet and Dokham due to geographical distance from the centers of popular rebellions concentrated in Central Tibet.The case of Lha Lama Yeshe O’s reign is a prime example of strong presence of Buddhism in Wester Tibet as evidenced in the ordinances issued by the the kingdom’s ruler.He exemplifies a merge of both temporal and re-ligious rule centered on a single ruler.