论西宁汉语方言中“个”的特殊用法

The Special Usage of ge(个)in the Xi’ning Dialect

西宁汉语方言中的“个”出现频率高且用法多样。作为通用量词,它可用来修饰各类名词,同时还有一些普通话及周围其他汉语方言所不具备的特殊用法。在西宁汉语方言中,“个”可用于祈使句末表示祈使语气,可作为动量词在谓词后表示时间短、数量小,可构成量名结构或单独使用表示定指。文章在描述“个”特殊用法的基础上对其来源进行了讨论。表祈使语气的“个”可能是受周围阿尔泰语系语言影响,借用了与其语音形式相近的汉语原有词来表达新的语法意义。表时短、量小的动量词“个”是汉语语法化的产物,只是受SOV语序的影响在西宁方言中大量存在。表定指的“个”则应该是江淮官话在西宁方言中的遗留。

In the Xi’ning dialect,ge(个)is frequently used in people’s life and have vary meaning of grammar.As a general quantifier,ge(个)can be used to modify various nouns,and it also has some special uses that are not found in Mandarin or other dialects of Chinese.ge(个)can be used to express the imperative mood at the end of imperative sentences,as a momentum word to indicate a short time and small quantity after the predicate.It can form a quantity noun structure or be used alone to indicate definite referent.On the basis of describing the special usage of ge(个),the article discusses its origin.The expression of imperative mood in ge(个)may be influenced by the surrounding Altaic language family,borrowing an existing Chinese word with a similar phonetic form to express a new grammatical meanings.The momentum word ge(个)with short time and small quantity is the product of Chinese grammaticalization,but it is widely appeared in Xining dialect under the influence of SOV word order.The function of definiteness of ge(个)should be the legacy of the Jianghuai dialect in Xining dialect.