护士产后返岗初期工作压力的潜在剖面及影响因素研究

Latent profile analysis and its influencing factors of nurses′work stress in the early stage of return to work after postpartum

目的探讨临床护士产后返岗初期工作压力的潜在剖面,并探究不同潜在类型影响因素,为制定产后返岗护士工作压力精准干预措施提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法,选取江苏省14所三级医院的200名产后返岗初期护士,应用护士产后返岗工作压力量表、匹兹堡睡眠指数量表、抑郁-焦虑-应激量表进行问卷调查,对护士产后返岗初期工作压力特征进行潜在剖面分析,分析产后返岗初期工作压力潜在类别的影响因素。结果护士产后返岗初期工作压力特征分为3个潜在类别:低压力组(26.0%)、中压力组(50.0%)、高压力组(24.0%)。回归分析结果显示,年龄、照顾孩子日均时长、返岗时调岗、睡眠质量及抑郁症状是产后返岗初期工作压力不同潜在类别的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论护士产后返岗初期工作压力存在潜在异质性。护理管理者可根据不同潜在类别和影响因素,实施精准干预,帮助产后护士返岗后有效应对护理工作压力。

Objective To explore the potential categories of nurses′work stress at the early stage of return to work after postpartum,and then to analyze the influencing factors of potential categories,in order to provide references for the development of precise interventions for the nurses′stress of return to the work after the postpartum.Methods Convenience sampling was used to select 200 nurses at the initial stage of return to work after postpartum in 14 tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province.The work pressure scale for the postpartum nurses who returned work,Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21(DASS-21)were applied to conduct the questionnaire surveys among the respondents.Latent profile analysis was performed to identify the categories of the nurses′stress at the early stage of return to work after the postpartum,and then we analyzed the factors influencing the potential categories of the work stress.Results The work stress characteristics of nurses at the early stage of return to work after postpartum were categorized into 3 potential categories:low stress group(26.0%),medium stress group(50.0%),and high stress group(24.0%).The results of regression analysis showed that the age,average daily hours of childcare,transfer on return to work,sleep quality,and depressive symptoms were the influential factors for different potential categories of work stress in the initial stage of return to work after the postpartum(all P<0.05).Conclusion There is potential heterogeneity in the nurses′work stress of return to work in the early stage after postpartum.Nursing managers can implement precise interventions according to different potential categories and influencing factors to help the nurses effectively cope with nursing work stress of return to work after postpartum.