建筑火灾与人员疏散耦合模拟研究

Research on Coupling Simulation of Building Fire and Occupant Evacuation

为研究火灾环境下烟气对人员的影响,将火灾发展与人员疏散过程进行耦合。以某商场为研究对象,引入当量速度系数和有效剂量分数模型对商场火灾场景下的人员疏散速度进行修正,利用Pyrosim与Pathfinder建立更贴近真实火场的商场火灾与人员疏散耦合模型,得到火灾发展过程中的烟气浓度、温度、能见度与人员疏散过程的耦合时空分布图和烟气毒性对人员伤害的累积作用。模拟结果表明:通过对火灾发展与人员疏散的时空动态分析,在火灾发生380s后,商场剩余77人由于能见度下降不能完成疏散。相比于比较建筑内人员可用安全疏散时间(ASET)和必需安全疏散时间(RSET)的大小的传统判定方式,耦合模型更能直观准确地表现建筑物内火灾烟气对被疏散人员的实时影响。

In order to research the impact of the smoke on occupants in under the fire environment,the fire development was coupled with the occupant evacuation process.Focusing on a specific shopping mall,the equivalent velocity coefficient and the FED model were introduced to amend the occupant evacuation speed under the fire scenario in a shopping mall.The Pyrosim and Pathfinder software were used to establish a coupling model for the shopping mall fire and the occupant evacuation that is more proximate to the real fire,through which the coupling spatiotemporal distribution map for smoke concentration,temperature,visibility and occupant evacuation process during the fire development,and the accumulation effect of the smoke toxicity to occupants.Simulation results show that 77 individuals remained in the shopping mall and could not complete evacuation due to the reduced visibility at 380 seconds after the fire occurrence through a spatiotemporal dynamic analysis on fire development and occupant evacuation.In contrast to the traditional approach that merely compares the ASET and RSET values inside buildings,the coupling model provides a more intuitive and precise representation for the real-time impact of the fire smoke on evacuees.