汽车装配工艺混流线平衡优化与应用研究

Research on Balance Optimization and Application of Mixed Flow Line in Automobile Assembly Process

以某汽车发动机生产工厂装配线为例,由于企业日益多元化的产品布局,针对新产品导入前后,工位间负荷不均衡和生产能力不足的问题,先后采用单一线平衡率和混流线平衡率数学模型,结合工艺过程顺序和产线布局等多约束条件,以消除不同产品瓶颈、均衡工位间负荷、降低产品等待时间为目标,运用作业测定、方法研究、改进改善等方法,2022年主流机型线单一线平衡率由69%提升至81%;2023年多品种的混流装配线平衡率从15.7%提升至41.76%,混线生产效率提升16%,新产品生产能力满足30台/h的需求,有效提升装配线生产能力。实践表明,相比单一线平衡率,混流线平衡率优化更能全面考虑不同产品间的工艺平衡,有效提升企业混线生产能力。

Taking the assembly line of an automobile engine production plant as an example,due to the company's increasingly diversified product layout,in order to solve the problems of unbalanced load between workstations and insufficient production capacity before and after the introduction of new products,single line balance rate and mixed flow line balance rate mathematical models are successively adopted,combining multiple constraints such as process sequence and production line layout,with the goal of eliminating bottlenecks of different products,balancing loads between workstations,and reducing product waiting times,using methods such as job measurement,method research,and improvement,which successfully achieves an increase in the single-line balance rate of mainstream model lines from 69% to 81% in 2022,and in 2023,achieves the mixed flow line balance rate increase of the multi-variety products from 15.7% to 41.76%,the mixed-line production efficiency increase by 16%,and the production capacity improvement of new products meeting the demand of 30 units per hour,effectively improving the production capacity of the assembly line.The results show that,compared with the single line balance rate,the optimization of the mixed flow line balance rate can more comprehensively consider the process balance between different products,and effectively improve the company's mixed line production capacity.