深层超深层钻井液技术研究进展与展望

Research progress and development of deep and ultra-deep drilling fluid technology

系统论述目前国内外深层超深层钻井液技术研究进展,分析存在的关键问题并提出未来发展方向。针对深层超深层复杂油气层钻井过程中面临的高温高压高应力、裂缝发育、井壁失稳、钻井液漏失等问题,国内外学者研发了深层超深层抗高温高盐水基钻井液技术、抗高温油基/合成基钻井液技术、储层保护钻井液技术以及钻井液防漏堵漏技术,但仍存在抗高温高压和高应力能力不足、井壁易失稳以及钻井液漏失严重等关键问题。由此提出未来深层超深层钻井液技术的发展方向:(1)抗高温高盐水基钻井液技术需致力于提升高温稳定性,改进流变性能,强化滤失量控制,提高与地层的相容性。(2)抗高温油基/合成基钻井液技术需在高温稳定剂、流型调节剂等低毒易降解的环保型添加剂和相关配套技术方面进一步攻关。(3)储层保护钻井液技术应致力于新型高性能添加剂和材料的研究,通过引入先进的传感器网络和人工智能算法,完善实时监测技术。(4)钻井液防漏堵漏技术应更加注重智能化技术的集成与应用、高性能堵漏材料的研发与应用、多元化堵漏技术与方法的探索以及环境保护与安全生产意识的提高。

The research progress of deep and ultra-deep drilling fluid technology systematically reviewed,the key problems existing are analyzed,and the future development direction is proposed.In view of the high temperature,high pressure and high stress,fracture development,wellbore instability,drilling fluid lost circulation and other problems faced in the process of deep and ultra-deep complex oil and gas drilling,scholars have developed deep and ultra-deep high-temperature and high-salt resistant water-based drilling fluid technology,high-temperature resistant oil-based/synthetic drilling fluid technology,drilling fluid technology for reservoir protection and drilling fluid lost circulation control technology.However,there are still some key problems such as insufficient resistance to high temperature,high pressure and high stress,wellbore instability and serious lost circulation.Therefore,the development direction of deep and ultra-deep drilling fluid technology in the future is proposed:(1) The technology of high-temperature and high-salt resistant water-based drilling fluid should focus on improving high temperature stability,improving rheological properties,strengthening filtration control and improving compatibility with formation.(2) The technology of oil-based/synthetic drilling fluid resistant to high temperature should further study in the aspects of easily degradable environmental protection additives with low toxicity such as high temperature stabilizer,rheological regulator and related supporting technologies.(3) The drilling fluid technology for reservoir protection should be devoted to the development of new high-performance additives and materials,and further improve the real-time monitoring technology by introducing advanced sensor networks and artificial intelligence algorithms.(4) The lost circulation control of drilling fluid should pay more attention to the integration and application of intelligent technology,the research and application of high-performance plugging materials,the exploration of diversified plugging techniques and methods,and the improvement of environmental protection and production safety awareness.