HPV诱发人体免疫抑制机制的研究进展

Research progress on the mechanisms of HPV-induced immunosuppression in humans

人乳头瘤病毒感染(HPV)引起的尖锐湿疣(CA)和宫颈癌对患者身体及心理健康的影响不容忽视。到目前为止尚无治疗HPV感染的特效药物,但是免疫治疗药物,如治疗性HPV疫苗、Toll样受体激动剂在临床实践中已取得显著成就。绝大多数免疫缺陷病患者对HPV更加易感,这可能与患者的免疫力改变、易感性增加以及潜在的HPV感染再激活有关。对于HPV感染后引起的机体免疫抑制机制的研究可为HPV感染的免疫治疗提供更好的治疗依据,因此该项研究尤其重要。HPV感染患者的Treg细胞过度表达及Treg/Th17失衡是诱发免疫抑制的机制之一,患者外周血Th1细胞减少导致Th2细胞相对占优势,从而破坏Th1/Th2平衡,在CA的复发中起重要作用。Toll样受体在介导先天免疫中发挥重要的作用,该受体在尖锐湿疣患者中的表达发生了改变。本文对HPV诱发人体免疫抑制机制的研究进展进行综述。

It can not be ignored that human papillomavirus-induced condyloma acuminata(CA)and cervical cancer impact both the physical and mental health of patients.So far,there are no specific drugs to treat HPV infection,but immunotherapy drugs such as therapeutic HPV vaccines and toll-like receptor agonists have made remarkable achievements in clinical practice.The vast majority of patients with immunodeficiency diseases are more susceptible to HPV,which may be related to the altered immunity,increased susceptibility,and potential reactivation of HPV infection.Therefore,the study on the mechanisms of the immune suppression caused by HPV infection is particularly important,which can provide therapeutic rationale for the immunotherapy of HPV infection.Overexpression of Treg cells and Treg/Th17 imbalance in patients with HPV infection are one of the mechanisms that induce immunosuppression.The decreased Th1 cells in peripheral blood of patients lead to the relative dominance of Th2 cells,disturbing Th1/Th2 balance,which plays an important role in the recurrence of CA.Toll-like receptors exert critical role in regulation of innate immunity,while expression levels of toll-like receptors are increased in patients with condyloma acuminatum.This article reviews the research progress on the mechanisms of human immune suppression induced by HPV.