我国进口科研仪器维修维护发展现状与趋势

Current situation and trend of imported scientific instrument repair in China

科研仪器是科技创新的重要工具,我国高校院所原值50万元以上大型科研仪器有75%为进口仪器,仪器维修维护依赖国外仪器厂商。由于维修工程师缺乏、零部件需从国外进口等原因,仪器维修维护常出现费用高、效率低的情况,影响了科研活动。目前,国内第三方企业和单位虽然在部分领域具备了维修进口仪器的技术能力,但短期内还难以发展成为有效的替代力量。文章提出加速发展国内第三方自主维修力量、多方助力科研仪器关键零部件的研发和整机的国产化、完善老旧科研仪器处置和二手仪器交易机制等建议。

[Significance]Scientific instruments are fundamental to exploring the unknown,discovering natural laws,and driving technological change.They play a crucial role in fostering technological innovation and expanding our understanding of the world.Moreover,they are vital for achieving high levels of technological self-reliance and self-improvement.However,contrary to expectations,China’s scientific instruments are highly dependent on a few manufacturers from a few countries.The maintenance of these scientific instruments has long been monopolized by foreign manufacturers,making it challenging for Chinese researchers to ensure their stable and continuous operation for a long time.This dependency underscores China’s need to enhance its support for scientific research through the domestic production and use of scientific instruments.The ability to independently repair these instruments is essential for their reliable and long-term operation.In recent years,several issues have emerged in the maintenance and repair of scientific research instruments.These include idle waste caused by repair difficulties,dominant clauses imposed by import manufacturers during instrument maintenance,and a lack of domestic independent maintenance capabilities.As a result,institutions often purchase multiple instruments repeatedly to avoid downtime.To solve the above problems,it is necessary to cooperate with higher-education institutions,research institutes,domestic instrument manufacturers,and third-party maintenance manufacturers.[Progress]Although China has made some progress in the independent maintenance and repair of scientific instruments,developing a fully effective alternative force is difficult in the short term.To accelerate this process,the Institute of Biophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have initiated efforts to establish a nationwide scientific research instrument maintenance group.This group includes colleges,universities,maintenance enterprises,and domestic instrument manufacturers.The group is committed to strengthening the maintenance infrastructure for scientific instruments,ensuring their efficient operation,and boosting the overall efficiency of the national innovation system.This initiative aims to achieve high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement.In addition,the group has established a website to integrate scientific instrument maintenance and supply and demand.Group members are also setting up joint laboratories in higher education and research institutes to achieve independent maintenance of domestically produced research instruments.The focus is on high-end scientific instrument types such as electron microscopes,high-end mass spectrometers,and optical microscopes.The group is working to summarize the domestic substitution and independent maintenance capabilities of these instruments.[Conclusions and Prospects]The independent maintenance system of scientific instruments is becoming increasingly important.The system will enhance maintenance capabilities,promote the efficient utilization of scientific instruments,and facilitate high-level scientific and technological outcomes.The next step will be to increase maintenance funding channels,improve the market service system for instrument maintenance,and encourage domestic production and core component research and development.