清末民国私立图书馆研究

Research on Private Libraries During the Period of Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

我国现代意义上的公共图书馆的源头为古越藏书楼,该馆由徐树兰个人出资创办。依照图书馆服务的主要群体、功能属性等特征划分,清末民国私立图书馆可分为私立公共图书馆、私立学校图书馆、私立儿童图书馆和私立专门图书馆。尽管其类型不同,但都有启迪民智、普及科学知识、传播先进文化的职能。抗日战争全面爆发前,私立图书馆处于发展的黄金期,其服务内容以传播先进科学知识、普及文化教育为主,整体呈繁荣态势。抗日战争全面爆发后,私立图书馆走向凋敝,但在抗战后方的重庆和延安等地,也新生出少量的私立图书馆,其社会职能除文化教育外,还有宣传抗战、激发爱国热情等。

The origin of modern public libraries in China can be traced back to the Gu Yue Library,which was funded and established by Xu Shulan.Based on the primary groups served and functional attributes,private libraries during the period of late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China can be categorized into private public libraries,private school libraries,private children’s libraries,and private specialized libraries.Despite their different types,all these libraries shared the functions of enlightening the public,popularizing scientific knowledge,and disseminating advanced culture.Before the outbreak of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression,private libraries were in a golden age of development,primarily focusing on spreading advanced scientific knowledge and promoting cultural education.Above all,they flourished.After the outbreak of the war,private libraries declined,but a few new private libraries emerged in wartime rear areas such as Chongqing and Yan’an,serving not only cultural and educational functions but also promoting the war effort and fostering patriotism.