基于改进多交通模式两步移动搜索法的天津市公园绿地可达性评价

Accessibility Evaluation of Park Green Space in Tianjin Based on an Improved Multi-mode Two-Step Floating Catchment Area Method

公园绿地空间配置的有效性与合理性对城市规划建设和居民生活具有重要意义。该文以天津市中心城区为例,基于高德地图API获取步行、公交和驾车3种交通方式下的通行时间,利用改进的多交通模式两步移动搜索法计算居住区尺度下的公园绿地可达性,分析不同交通方式下公园绿地可达性分布特征,并采用Moran′s I和双变量空间自相关分析方法剖析可达性差异化模式及成因。结果表明:①天津市中心城区公园绿地可达性整体呈现由西南向东北递减趋势,步行、公交和驾车交通模式可达性差异显著;②天津市中心城区公园绿地可达性空间集聚特征与其可达性空间分布特征相似,低—低聚类居住区数量占比最高;③天津市中心城区公园绿地供需匹配不合理,西南部区域供大于求,东北部区域供不应求,亟须改善。改进的多交通模式两步移动搜索法可应用于城市公园绿地布局与规划,也可为其他地理现象的可达性分析提供参考。

The spatial configuration rationality of park green space is of great significance to urban planning and construction and residents′lives.Taking the central urban area of Tianjin as an example,the travel time for various transport modes is obtained based on the Amap API data,the improved multi-mode two-step floating catchment area method is used to calculate the accessibility of park green space at the scale of residential areas,and the distribution characteristics of park green space under different transport modes are analyzed.Moran′s I and bivariate spatial autocorrelation are used to analyze the differentiation patterns of accessibility and the causes.The results are as follows.①The overall distribution of park green space accessibility in the central urban area of Tianjin shows a trend of decreasing from southwest to northeast.The accessibility of walking,bus,and driving are significantly different.②The spatial agglomeration characteristics of park green space accessibility in the central urban area of Tianjin are similar to their spatial distribution characteristics.Low-low agglomeration of residential areas has the highest proportion.③The supply of park green space in the southwestern region exceeds the demand,and the park green space in the northeastern region is in short supply,which urgently needs further improvement.The research has enriched the evaluation case of urban park green space accessibility.The improved multi-mode two-step floating catchment area method can be applied to the layout and planning of urban park green space,and can also provide a reference for the accessibility analysis of other geographical phenomena.