不同避雨棚高度对‘巨峰’葡萄植株热伤害的缓解作用

Alleviating Effects of Different Shelter Heights on Heat Damage of'Kyoho'Grapevine

为有效缓解高温胁迫对葡萄植株和果实的伤害,为我国主要产区避雨设施改造升级提供依据,以福安多年生‘巨峰’葡萄为试材,对改造前后(肩高分别为1.6 m和2 m)避雨棚中葡萄的叶幕层和土壤温度、叶片叶绿素荧光参数、树势及产量进行调查。结果显示,在每日12:00和15:00时,高棚的叶幕层温度显著低于低棚;12:00后10 cm土层土温均为低棚高于高棚,最大温差出现在15:00;6:00—18:00的荧光参数Fv/Fm表现为低棚均低于高棚,其中在12:00和15:00时出现显著差异,在18:00,低棚中叶片的Fv/Fm是6:00的97.32%~98.90%;高棚花芽率高于低棚7.86个百分点;根径≤2 mm的根系在高棚中有65.78%分布在10~30 cm土层中,低棚中只有44.21%。试验表明,与肩高1.6 m的低棚相比,肩高2.0 m的避雨棚更有利于缓解高温胁迫对‘巨峰’葡萄的伤害。

In order to effectively alleviate the damage of high temperature stress on grape plants and fruits,and provide a basis for the improvement of rain shelter facilities in major grape producing areas in China.The leaf curtain layer and soil temperature,leaf chlorophyllfluorescence parameters,tree viger and yield of perennial'Kyoho'grapevine were investigated before and after shoulder raising(shoulder height was 1.6 m and 2 m,respectively).The results showed that at 12:00 and 15:00,the canopy temperature in high-shed was significantly lower than that in low-shed.The temperature of 10 cm soil layer after 12:00 was higher in low-shed than in high-shed,and the maximum temperature difference occured at 15:00.During the day from 6:00 to 18:00,Fv/Fm in low-shed were lower than those in high-shed,with a significant difference observed at 12:00 and 15:00.Fv/Fm of leaves in low-shed was 97.32%to 98.90%of that at 6:00,respectively.Theflower bud rate in high-shed was significantly higher than that in low-shed by 7.86 percentage points.In the high and low sheds,65.78%and 44.21%of'Kyoho'grapevine with D≤2 mm roots were distributed in 10-30 cm soil layer,respectively.The test results showed that compared with low rain shelter with a shoulder height of 1.6 meters,the rain shelter with a shoulder height of 2.0 m was more conducive to alleviating the damage of high temperature stress to'Kyoho'grapevine.