芽孢杆菌与化学杀菌剂复配防治葡萄灰霉病的研究

Research on Combination of Bacillus and Fungicide to Control Gray Mold of Grapevine

为了减少防治葡萄灰霉病化学农药的使用,提高生防芽孢杆菌防治灰霉病的作用效果,本研究采用平板对峙法和生长速率法筛选出防治葡萄灰霉病的有效化学杀菌剂和生防芽孢杆菌,并对二者进行复配,通过室内离体接种和盆栽试验明确复配药剂对灰霉病的防治效果。结果表明,化学杀菌剂异菌脲和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌GSBZ09对灰霉病菌的抑制效果较好,异菌脲的EC_(50)值最低,为6.46 mg·L^(-1);贝莱斯芽孢杆菌GSBZ09的拮抗作用最强,且异菌脲对贝莱斯芽孢杆菌GSBZ09的生长无影响。本研究中异菌脲和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌GSBZ09的复配体积比为3∶1时,防治效果最好,对葡萄灰霉病离体果实防治效果高达92.93%;对盆栽植株的防效为80.63%,均优于异菌脲单剂和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌GSBZ09单剂的防治效果。

In order to reduce the use of chemical pesticides to control gray mold of grapevine and improve the effect of biocontrol Bacillus on Botrytiscinerea,in this study,effective chemical agents and biocontrol Bacillus for gray mold of grapevine were screened by plate confrontations and growth rate methods,and the two were combined,and the control effect of the combined agents on gray mold of grapevine was confirmed through indoor inoculation and pot experiment.The results showed that the chemical iprodione and Bacillusvelezensis GSBZ09 had the best inhibition effect on Botrytiscinerea,and the EC50 value of iprodione was the lowest(6.46 mg·L^(-1)).The antagonistic effect of Bacillusvelezensis GSBZ09 was the strongest,and iprodione had no effect on the growth of Bacillus velezensis GSBZ09.When the combined volume ratio of iprodione and Bacillusvelezensis GSBZ09 was 3∶1,the control effect of indoor and pot experiment was as high as 92.93%and 80.63%,respectively,which was superior to the control effect of isomylurea single andBacillusvelezensis GSBZ09 single.