中国社会公共资源数字化共享的水平测度、区域差异及空间特征分析

Efficiency Measurement,Regional Differences and Spatial Effects Analysis of Social Public Resources Digital Sharing in China

数字化共享手段能够突破社会公共资源获取的时空限制,实现资源的均衡配置和高效利用,有利于促进公共服务的均等化和普惠化。聚焦数字化时代背景,多层级、多维度考察中国社会公共资源数字化共享水平,对于促进城乡之间、地区之间的经济社会均衡、融合、一体化发展具有重要意义。基于社会数字化治理与发展视阈,构建起包含基础设施、科技、教育、文化、医疗卫生、社区服务六大方面的社会公共资源数字化共享综合评价指标体系,选取2015—2020年中国31个省份的面板数据,运用全局熵值法对数字化共享水平进行测度;同时,采用Dagum Gini系数、Moran’s I指数和空间收敛模型,系统地考察共享水平的区域差异根源、空间相关性及其收敛特征。研究结果表明:中国各省份的社会公共资源数字化共享水平存在明显的区域差距并且具有空间集聚特征,整体发展水平偏低但呈上升趋势;数字化共享水平的总体区域差异不断缩小,东、中、西部地区的区域内差异呈现不同变化趋势,区域间差异是数字化共享水平存在差异的主要原因;各省份公共资源数字化共享存在显著的空间正相关分布特征,并且其空间依赖性突出、异质性明显、稳定性较高;全国及三大区域公共资源数字化共享存在直观的收敛特征,低共享水平省份对高共享水平省份具有显著的追赶效应。因此,可通过推动区域均衡发展、完善共享支撑体系、创新共享途径以及优化资源配置等方法和途径来加快推动社会公共资源数字化共享发展。

The implementation of the Digital China Strategy promotes the development of social public resources digital sharing.Digital sharing is an efficient resource allocation method.It can break through the temporal and spatial restrictions on access to social public resources and achieve balanced allocation and efficient utilization of social public resources.Additionally,the equalization and universalization of public services also can be promoted and enhanced.The digital sharing levels of social public resources in China at multiple levels and in multiple dimensions have been measured from the perspective of the digital era.Based on the digital governance and development of society,a comprehensive evaluation index system for social public resources digital sharing is constructed,which includes six major aspects:infrastructure,science and technology,education,culture,health care,and community services.The global entropy weight method is applied to measure the digital sharing levels of social public resources according to the panel data of 31 provinces and cities in China from 2015 to 2020.Meanwhile,the Dagum Gini coefficient,Moran’s I index,and spatialβconvergence model are used to systematically examine the reasons of regional differences in sharing levels,spatial correlations and the convergence characteristics of social public resources digital sharing.The results show that,there are obvious regional disparities and spatial clustering characteristics in the digital sharing levels of social public resources among 31 provinces and cities in China,and the degree of overall development is at low level but on an upward trend.The overall regional differences in digital sharing levels of social public resources are narrowing.The trends of the intra-regional differences among the eastern,central and western regions are different,and the inter-regional differences are the main reasons for the differences in digital sharing levels.There are significant regional differences in the digital sharing levels of social public resources among provinces and cities in China.The social public resources digital sharing in most provinces has significant spatially positive correlation distribution characteristics.Its spatial dependence is significant,heterogeneity is obvious,and stability is high.There are obvious convergence characteristics of social public resources digital sharing in China and the whole three regions.And provinces with low sharing levels have significant catching-up effects on provinces with high sharing levels.These methods and approaches can be applied for promoting the development of social public resources digital sharing,such as promoting balanced regional development,improving the sharing support system,innovating sharing channels and optimizing resource allocation,which are of great significance for promoting balanced and integrated economic and social development between urban and rural areas and among regions.