机场智慧跑道的内涵拓展与功能系统

Connotation expansion and function system of airport smart runway

传统采用人工巡检、经验决策的机场跑道管控模式,难以适应现代机场高性能服役、高安全运行的现实需求。随着传感器、物联网、人工智能等新兴技术的发展,以及民航强国战略实施和“四型机场”加速推进的引领下,融合道面运行管理和在线感知的智慧跑道,已逐渐成为前沿科技和重大战略的交汇点,是机场跑道未来的发展趋势和热点。文章提出了智慧跑道的内涵和特征,明晰智慧跑道相对智能跑道的继承与拓展关系,在结构安全、运行安全与维护决策方面将智慧跑道功能具化为风险实时预警、性能在线评估、诱因精准分析、态势精准预测、养护智能决策五大功能,并结合机场跑道系统动力学思想阐述其实现路径。系统平台作为智慧跑道的载体,面向于实际应用在智能跑道基础上重点融合在线感知模块与日常巡检、维修等业务模块,搭建基于二、三维地图联动的智慧跑道全寿命周期管理平台,并依托高高原地区的日喀则定日机场和极寒地区的漠河古莲机场,实施机场智慧跑道的应用示范。

It is difficult for the traditional airport runway management⁃control method,which adopts manual inspection and empirical decision,to meet the realistic needs of mod⁃ern airports with demands of high⁃performance service and high⁃level safety.With the devel⁃opment of emerging technologies such as sensors,Internet of Things and artificial intelli⁃gence,as well as the implementation of civil aviation power strategy and with the accelerated guidance of“four⁃type airport”,the smart runway integrating traditional man⁃agement⁃control mode and online monitoring method has gradually become the intersection of frontier technology and major strategic initiatives,which is also a hot topic of airport run⁃way research.In this work,the connotation and characteristics of smart runway are proposed,so compared with traditional runway and previous concept of smart runway,the inheritance and breakthrough of smart runway are clarified,and five functions of smart run⁃way in terms of structural safety,operation safety and maintenance decision,namely real⁃time risk warning,online performance evaluation,accurate causative analysis,accurate prediction of development trend and intelligent maintenance decision,are defined.Furthermore,based on the theories of airport⁃runway system dynamics,the implementation path of functions is elaborated.As the carrier of the smart runway,the system platform is proposed for practi⁃cal applications to integrate online perception modules with daily inspection and maintenance modules.The life⁃cycle management platform of the smart runway is built based on the linkage between two and three dimensional maps.Especially,the application demon⁃stration of the smart runway is established by relying on the Dingri Airport project of Xigatse in the high plateau area and the Gulian Airport project of Mohe in the extremely cold re⁃gion.