中老年2型糖尿病病人运动自我效能现状及影响因素

Analysis of exercise self-efficacy in middle-aged and elderly type 2 diabetes patients

目的:探讨中老年2型糖尿病病人的运动自我效能现状并分析其影响因素,为提高其运动自我效能提供依据。方法:采用便利抽样法,选取2023年2月—4月泸州市2所三级甲等医院263例中老年2型糖尿病病人为研究对象,使用一般资料调查表、运动自我效能量表、自我护理能力量表、社会支持量表进行调查。采用随机森林算法筛选影响运动自我效能的因素并进行排序,线性回归分析影响中老年2型糖尿病病人运动自我效能的因素。结果:中老年2型糖尿病病人运动自我效能得分为(55.10±9.35)分。随机森林算法显示,患病前有无规律的运动锻炼习惯、自我护理能力、社会支持为重要性排序前3位的变量。居住地、并发症、患病前有无规律的运动锻炼习惯、是否了解运动锻炼对糖尿病的益处、自我护理能力以及社会支持是中老年2型糖尿病病人运动自我效能的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:中老年2型糖尿病病人运动自我效能处于中等偏下水平,医护人员可根据相关影响因素进行针对性的干预,充分调动病人的运动积极性,强化其社会支持系统,提高病人的运动自我效能。

Objective:To explore the status quo of exercise self-efficacy in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and analyze its influencing factors,so as to provide evidence for improving exercise self-efficacy.Methods:A total of 263 middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes were selected from two Class A hospitals in Luzhou City from February to April 2023 by convenience sampling method.General data questionnaire,exercise self-efficacy scale,self-care ability scale and social support scale were used to investigate.Random forest algorithm was used to screen and rank the factors affecting exercise self-efficacy,and linear regression analysis was conducted to analyze the factors affecting exercise self-efficacy in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.Results:The exercise self-efficacy score of middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes was 55.10±9.35 points.Random forest algorithm showed that irregular exercise habits,self-care ability and social support were the top 3 variables before the disease.Residence,complications,irregular exercise habits before the disease,understanding of the benefits of exercise for diabetes,self-care ability and social support were factors influencing exercise self-efficacy in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes(P<0.05).Conclusion:Exercise self-efficacy of middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes is at the lower level of medium.Medical staff can conduct targeted intervention according to relevant influencing factors,fully mobilize the exercise enthusiasm of patients,strengthen their social support system,and improve the exercise self-efficacy of patients.