1例食管癌术后并发重度免疫检查点抑制剂相关肺炎及吻合口瘘患者的护理

Nursing care of a postoperative patient with esophageal cancer complicated by severe immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonia and anastomotic fistula

总结1例术前接受免疫治疗、术后并发重度免疫检查点抑制剂相关肺炎及吻合口瘘的食管癌患者的护理经验。护理要点:成立多学科个案管理小组,制订个性化干预方案;密切关注病情变化,早期识别并处理免疫检查点抑制剂相关肺炎;早期识别吻合口瘘并规范管理,降低脓毒性休克发生风险;评估营养风险,提供序贯式营养支持;基于卡诺夫斯基健康状况评分,实施分阶段个体化肺康复策略;开展个体化出院指导,定期进行线上及门诊随访。经过88 d的综合治疗与精心护理后,患者好转出院,出院后定期随访,随访1年患者恢复良好。

This report presents the nursing care for a surgical patient with esophageal cancer who received immunotherapy before surgery and developed severe immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonia and anastomotic fistula postoperatively.Key points of nursing:establishing a multidisciplinary case management team to develop personalized intervention programs;vigilantly monitoring disease progression,promptly identifying and treating immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonia;early identification of anastomotic fistula and standardized management to reduce the risk of septic shock;assessing nutritional risks and providing sequential nutritional support;implementing a phased individualized pulmonary rehabilitation strategy based on Kanowski’s health status score.After 88 days of comprehensive treatment and meticulous nursing care,the patient was discharged in a recovered state.Regular follow-up was conducted after discharge,and the patient recovered well.