中国失业保险制度变迁与就业促进功能扩展

The Evolution of China's Unemployment Insurance System and the Expansion of Its Employment Promotion Function

失业是市场经济的必然现象,失业保险则是为劳动者提供应对失业风险的民生保障制度。中国失业保险经历了从象征性制度安排向有效制度安排的历史变迁,尤其是在2008年发生的国际金融危机和2020年发生的新冠疫情中,失业保险功能的扩展成效证明了这一制度的有效性。但这种功能扩展更多是应急之策,尚未真正形成与新时代发展要求相适应的成熟制度安排。面向未来,需要推动失业保险功能再扩展,使其从消极的事后保险向全面促进就业转化,以持续推进这一制度的高质量发展。

Unemployment is an inevitable phenomenon in a market economy,and unemployment insurance serves as a crucial social security scheme designed to provide workers with protection against the risks of unemployment.China's Unemployment Insurance system has evolved significantly,transitioning from merely a symbolic arrangement to an effective mechanism.Notably,during the globalfinancial crisis of 2008 and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020,the expansion of its function has proven its effectiveness.However,this expansion largely served as an emergency measure and has not yet formed a mature institutional arrangement that is compatible with the development requirements of the new era.Looking ahead,it is imperative to advocate for a further expansion of the function of unemployment insurance.This would involve transforming it from a reactive,post-event measure to a proactive and comprehensive tool that promotes employment,thereby fostering the high-quality development of this system.