贝莱斯芽孢杆菌防控植物病害的研究进展

Research Progress on the Prevention and Control of Plant Diseases by Bacillus velezensis

长期以来过度使用化学农药造成环境污染、病原微生物抗药性增强以及农药残留超标等问题,利用生物防治措施降低或代替化学农药使用是目前国家对植物病害防治的发展重点。生防微生物因其绿色环保的特点,已被广泛应用于农作物病害防控。微生物农药能够有效防治植物病害、促进农作物生长,达到化学农药减量使用的目的,是推动植物病害绿色防控的重要方向。芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus spp.)是微生物农药研究和应用中常见的一类生防细菌。贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)作为新型微生物农药生防细菌之一,在自然界中分布广泛,可从海洋、河流沉积物、土壤、植株根系、植物组织、动物肠道等分离获得,因其低毒、无污染、抑菌谱广、抗逆性强、可分泌多种抗菌物质等优点,在微生物农药应用中具有很大潜力。贝莱斯芽孢杆菌通过产生抗菌物质、营养竞争以及引发植物的系统抗性反应从而防治植物病害。该文归纳了贝莱斯芽孢杆菌从发现、确定及命名的发展史,阐述其相关菌株生物学特性及作用机制,包括拮抗作用、溶菌作用、诱导植物抗性、竞争作用、促进植物生长等方式,综述了贝莱斯芽孢杆菌对植物真菌、细菌、线虫、病毒生物防治方面的研究成果以及制剂研发情况,以期为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌的进一步研究和应用提供参考。

Overuse of chemical pesticides for a long time has caused problems such as environmental pollution,increased resistance of microbial pathogens and excessive pesticide residues.Therefore,the use of biological control measures to reduce or replace chemical pesticides is the focus of the current national development of plant disease control.Biocontrol microorganisms have been widely used in crop disease prevention and control because of their green characteristics.Microbial pesticides can effectively control plant diseases,promote crop growth,and achieve the purpose of reducing the use of chemical pesticides.It is an important direction to promote the green prevention and control of plant diseases.Bacillus spp.is a kind of common biocontrol bacteria in microbial pesticide research and application.B.velezensis,as one of the new microbial pesticide biocontrol bacteria,has a wide distribution in nature,and can be obtained from marine,river sediment,soil,plant roots,plant tissues,animal intestines,etc.It has great development potential in the application of microbial pesticides because of its low toxicity,no pollution,wide antibacterial spectrum,strong stress resistance and ability to secrete a variety of antibacterial substances.B.velezensis controls plant diseases by producing antimicrobial substances,nutrient competition,and triggering systemic resistance responses in plants.This paper summarized the development history of B.velezensis including discovery,identification and naming,describes the biological properties and mechanism of action of its related strains,including antagonism,bacteriolysis,induction of plant resistance,competition,promotion of plant growth,etc.,and reviewed the research results of B.velezensis for the biocontrol of plant fungi,bacteria,nematodes,and viruses as well as the development of the formulation,with a view to providing references to future research and applications of B.velezensis.